In October 2015 I copied three items from the local news while following the Heyburn municipal election. Two were articles from the Times-News and one was a paid political advertisement. Six years later I photographed four pieces of campaign literature from the November 2021 Heyburn mayoral election. All seven documents have sat in folders. I am publishing them now because the people in them should be remembered and the documents together tell a story of a small city working through hard years.
The 2015 Election
Article — “Heyburn Council Spats Over Consultant Pay”Campaign flyer — “Attention Heyburn Voters”Article — “Candidates Spar over Past in Heyburn Forum”
The first article, by Eric Quitugua of the Times-News, concerned a dispute over pay raises granted to two city consultants — Ralph Williams, who advised on electrical matters, and Paul Aston, who handled building site consultation, agendas, legal notices, and fact-finding for planning and zoning meetings. Aston had worked with the city since the late 1980s and asked Mayor George Anderson for a raise. The council approved the raises 2-1. Councilwoman Cleo Gallegos, who was running for mayor against businessman Mark Rosa, voted against and questioned why she had not been consulted. Anderson said at the board meeting he had no answer for her. The article cited Heyburn City Code § 1-12-1, which provides that while the mayor has power to hire or discharge employees, the mayor is “without the authority to enter into any employment contract with any employees of the city without the express prior consent of the council, obtained by resolution of the council.” When a reporter asked City Attorney Steven Tuft about the matter, Tuft refused to discuss it and hung up the phone.
The campaign flyer, paid for by Lyle Santos, urged support for Rosa for mayor, Anderson for city council, and Rocky Baker for city council. It listed credentials and accomplishments for each, and charged that Gallegos and former councilwoman Joanne Justesen had voted in December 2012 for a waste contract 22% above the lowest bid, costing the city $48,000 plus $13,000 in attorney fees from the resulting lawsuit, and that Gallegos had voted to shift police dispatching from Cassia County to Minidoka County at an added cost of $7,954 per year since 2009.
The second article, also by Quitugua, covered a candidates forum hosted by the Times-News on 23 October 2015. All five candidates attended: Gallegos and Rosa for mayor, and Justesen, Baker, and Anderson for two council seats. The garbage contract was the dominant source of friction. Gallegos said she had voted for the higher bid because of an issue she could not discuss. Rosa countered that the vote had cost the city $48,000 more than necessary plus litigation costs. Anderson said he had tried to instruct the council not to fix something that wasn’t broken, but the members had not listened. Justesen said the lowest bidder had been in litigation over its ownership and she had concluded the other company was the better choice; she said she discussed it with Baker, who at the forum denied the conversation had taken place.
On the substantive questions the candidates found more common ground. Gallegos emphasized water rights and underground electric lines. Rosa spoke of fiscal responsibility and running the city like a business. Baker highlighted lift stations and sewer infrastructure costs and cautioned against the city getting ahead of itself. Anderson pointed to the 21st Street water project. Justesen raised the theme of growth, noting the city had “beautiful business parks but no businesses” and was “missing a factor.”
Transparency was the other main theme. Justesen said council minutes were too vague. Baker suggested projecting meeting paperwork on a screen for the public. Rosa agreed the minutes needed clarity. Gallegos said the city needed more public discussion of its decisions. Anderson said executive sessions were “highly sensitive” and suggested transparency would be helped if regular meetings drew crowds as large as the forum had.
Background on the Garbage Contract
The garbage contract dispute that dominated the 2015 forum had a longer history worth understanding.
In December 2012 the Heyburn City Council voted to award the city’s garbage service contract to PSI Environmental Systems at $5.65 per residential customer per month — 21 percent above the lowest bid of $4.46 submitted by Western Waste Services. Total Waste Management had also bid lower, at $4.50. The council additionally designated PSI as the city’s sole commercial garbage contractor, requiring businesses using other providers to switch. Rocky Baker was the sole dissenting vote on both motions. He called it “the worst business decision made by Heyburn in the more than 10 years he’s served on the City Council” and objected to forcing businesses away from their current providers. “We didn’t have a system that was broke,” he said.
The contract’s path to approval was itself contentious. The council heard public opposition at its regular meeting on 28 March and declined to vote. The following day it convened an emergency meeting — invoking an Idaho Open Meeting Law exemption allowing cities facing immediate financial loss to meet without the usual 24-hour posted notice — and approved the contract. Gallegos and Justesen voted yes. Baker voted no. City Attorney Tuft defended the emergency meeting: “They would have had a loss if they didn’t have a garbage contract in place today. I think it’s legitimate, personally.”
Lyle Santos, co-owner of Total Waste Management, was not informed the council would vote until about an hour before the meeting and was not allowed to address the council. He faced a 20 percent loss of his Heyburn commercial accounts and said he would have to lay off a Heyburn employee. Total Waste Management subsequently sued the city. In response, the council voted to terminate the PSI contract. The $48,000 figure cited in the 2015 campaign flyer and at the candidates forum reflected the cost difference between PSI’s contract and the lowest bid over the contract period, plus the $13,000 in attorney fees from the resulting lawsuit.
Lyle Santos was the same man who paid for the October 2015 campaign flyer attacking Gallegos and Justesen over that vote. Every figure on the flyer was accurate. The context it did not supply was that Santos had a direct financial interest in the outcome of the election. Baker, the sole vote against the contract in December 2012, appeared on that same flyer as a candidate to be supported.
Background on Heyburn and Mini-Cassia
Heyburn sits in Minidoka County on the north bank of the Snake River, across from Burley in Cassia County. The two counties together are known as Mini-Cassia, and their relationship has always been complicated — by sports rivalries, by water and land disputes, by the question of who gets to control shared resources. The J.R. Simplot Company’s departure from Heyburn is still discussed. Simplot had operated a potato-processing plant in Heyburn; after a years-long legal battle over electrical rates, the company closed the plant and gave the property to the city of Burley, which developed it into what became the Burley-Heyburn Industrial Park. “Simplot’s gift to Burley was a hard slap,” Gallegos told the Associated Press in 2018. Meanwhile, when Burley sought a site for a new airport, Heyburn annexed 320 acres into its impact zone to keep Burley from acquiring the land. Each county had its grievances and its retaliations, and they accumulated over generations.
George Anderson had been Heyburn’s mayor for twelve years by the time of the 2015 election. Cleo Gallegos had been on the city council since around 2000. Dick Galbraith had served on the Minidoka County Planning and Zoning board for nineteen years, including as its chairman, before joining the city council, where he had served for several years. Rocky Baker had served on the Heyburn Fire Department for twenty years, fourteen as assistant chief, before becoming a fire commissioner and then council president. These were not newcomers. They were people who had watched Heyburn’s struggles with infrastructure, growth, and its larger neighbor across the river for a long time.
The wastewater system was a live problem throughout this period. Heyburn’s treatment plant dated from the 1960s and had been upgraded in 1991 and 2008. The city’s collection system comprised 25 miles of pipe and 18 lift stations. By the mid-2010s the plant was falling out of EPA compliance and facing fines that threatened to bankrupt the city. Baker’s comment at the forum about lift stations and sewer lines being “a huge cost to the city” was not abstract campaign language.
What Happened: 2015–2021
Cleo Gallegos won the November 2015 mayoral election. George Anderson’s bid for a council seat was unsuccessful. Rocky Baker won a council seat.
On 6 December 2016, thirteen months after the forum, Clarence Lanier “Rocky” Baker died from injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. He was 62. He had been born on 27 October 1954 — the candidates forum the day after his sixty-first birthday. He had married Georgia Schneider on 8 March 1975 at the Emerson Ward Building west of Paul, built a house in Heyburn in 1976, and never left. He had started at Ore-Ida in 1971 and worked his way up to maintenance supervisor at what became McCain Foods. His family wrote that he collected heart-shaped rocks to give to the people he loved. He was buried at the Riverside Cemetery in Heyburn. His funeral was held at the Burley United Methodist Church.
Meanwhile Gallegos was working on the wastewater problem. Through a judicial confirmation process — used because the scope of work required it — the city bonded for $12.4 million and arranged a financing package that brought the taxpayer burden down to $5.5 million through grants from the Army Corps of Engineers, USDA, and a Community Development Block Grant, saving Heyburn taxpayers $3.1 million against the total $9.6 million project cost. A $5.7 million construction contract was signed in November 2019. “I am excited for Heyburn to be moving in the right direction,” Gallegos said. “And I have nothing but pride in the direction it is going.”
In 2017, Dick Galbraith defended his council seat in one of the more unusual elections in Heyburn’s history. His race ended in a 112-112 tie. A coin toss was held per state guidelines; Galbraith called heads, and the coin fell tails. He contested the result and requested a recount. During the recount, officials discovered one ballot marked too lightly to be read by the machine, and Galbraith won 113-112. The story was picked up by CNN. “I was on City Council for 16 years and mayor for two, and I’ve never seen it,” Gallegos told CNN. “Every vote counts, especially in your small city elections.”
In November 2019 Mark Rosa defeated Gallegos for mayor and took office in January 2020. His administration was immediately contentious. At his first council meeting — a session lasting nearly three hours — Rosa requested the council restore his executive authority over city personnel, which Gallegos had delegated to the city administrator. The council tabled the request. Councilman Galbraith observed that the administrator was “here with boots on the ground, day in and day out all day long.” Councilwoman Rose Schmitt told Rosa: “I don’t know why you want all the power.” The question of mayoral authority over city employees — the same structural question at the heart of the 2015 consultant pay dispute — had not gone away.
In August 2020 a recall petition bearing more than the required 230 signatures was filed against Rosa. The petition charged that he had created a bullying culture at city offices and a hostile work environment for city employees, council members, and the city attorney; that he had refused to listen to citizens; that he had overstepped his financial authority by seeking to add funds to the budget to cover personal attorney fees to sue the city; and that he had tried to impede the city’s sewer projects. Rosa refused to resign. “I absolutely will not resign,” he told the Times-News. “All of these allegations are simply not true.”
On 3 November 2020 Heyburn voters recalled Mark Rosa by a vote of 748 to 440 — 62.96 percent in favor of recall. Rosa had won the office the prior year with 199 votes. “It’s too bad for Heyburn,” he said on election night. “But it is what it is. I feel like I never had a chance to do anything for Heyburn.”
One week later the City Council unanimously appointed Dick Galbraith as mayor and unanimously elected Joanne Justesen as council president. Galbraith said he hoped for “some healing in the city of Heyburn” and accepted the appointment as part of the responsibility he had taken on when he ran for his council seat.
The 2021 Election
Rosa campaign flyer, front — November 2021Rosa campaign flyer, back — November 2021Galbraith campaign flyer, front — November 2021Galbraith campaign flyer, back — November 2021
Mark Rosa ran again in November 2021, as he had promised on the night of his recall. His campaign flyer attacked Galbraith and the council directly. It charged that “Dick broke his oath of office when he voted to transfer the Mayoral authority to the un-elected city administrator, as did Rose, Chad and Joann while he was on city council.” It called the judicial confirmation bond process a betrayal of the voters: “They basically told the judge, the people in Heyburn were too stupid to make the best decision by not allowing us to vote. They had to spend 5.5 Million, BUT they asked the judge to spend $12.4 Million!” It called the wastewater treatment plant location a “bad idea” and warned: “Mark doesn’t want HEYBURN to be BURLEY’S TOILET!” The flyer was paid for by the Committee to Elect Mark Rosa, Deb Hopkins, Treasurer.
Dick Galbraith’s campaign flyer offered a quieter contrast. It noted his nineteen years on the Minidoka County Planning and Zoning board, seven years on the city council, and his appointment as mayor after Rosa’s recall. It credited his tenure with establishing “proper procedures and processes to avoid any abuses by current or future elected officials and employees” and noted his work on the wastewater bond refinancing, which “saved residents almost $1 million.” His stated vision: “to provide responsible leadership for the citizens of Heyburn. I want to see Heyburn grow, but not at the expense of its citizens.” His closing line: “Working as a team is best for our city.”
Dick Galbraith won the November 2021 election. Cleo Gallegos also won a seat, returning to the mayor’s office. Mark Rosa did not prevail.
After 2021
George Anderson, who had served as Heyburn’s mayor for twelve years and whose name appeared on the 2015 opposition flyer, died on 20 September 2024 at the age of 87. He had been born in Burley on 21 June 1937. A neighbor remembered him as “a good friend, neighbor, and a great mayor.” His funeral was held at the Paul Stake Center.
These documents are offered as a record of two moments in the life of a small Idaho city — the people who served it, the questions they argued about, and what became of them afterward.
Rocky Baker collected heart-shaped rocks. George Anderson served his city for twelve years. The sewer plant got built. The city went on.
Sources: Times-News (Twin Falls), Eric Quitugua reporting, October 2015; Times-News, staff reporting, 2012–2013; paid political advertisement, Lyle Santos, October 2015; KMVT, Amy Reid reporting, December 2016 (link); Baker family obituary, December 2016; Times-News, Laurie Welch reporting, 2018–2020; Associated Press, Laurie Welch reporting, April 2018; CNN, Ryan Struyk reporting, December 2017 (link); campaign materials, Committee to Elect Mark Rosa and Dick Galbraith for Mayor, November 2021; Echovita, George A. Anderson obituary, 2024 (link).
Andra Boys: William, Donald, Larry, Bill, Golden, Dale, Ross
A copy of this autobiography of my Great Grandfather was given to me years ago. I wanted to make it more widely available. I will insert clarification or other information in brackets []. I have attached the handwritten copy so you can see his handwriting.
The Life Story of William Fredrick Andra Sr I was born on February 11, 1898 in Meissen, Saxony, Germany to Wilhimina [Wilhelmina Christiana Knauke] and Theodor F. [Fredrick] Andra. My father died when I was about four years old [23 November 1902].
I was baptized in the Elbe River in [16] April 1909; came to the United States in the following month of May. I left at the age of eleven, one year ahead of the rest of the family.
The following year they were ready to come to the U.S. on the same boat but were, for some reason, delayed a month. The boat that they had intended on traveling on sank in the mid ocean. “The Lord moves in mysterious ways, his wonders to perform!”
Upon arriving here, I went to Fairview, Utah to work out my board and room from John R. Anderson, who was a former missionary in Germany.
After being in Fairview one year, I went back to Salt Lake to meet the rest of the family when they arrived.
We had quit a struggle at first, but we made out when the rest had learned the language.
I used to deliver papers, work at the slaughter house to obtain different kinds of meats to help support the family, and did all other types of odd jobs.
At the age of fourteen, my Mother took me to Preston, Idaho to the home of a former missionary [George Wanner] that helped convert my mother in Germany.
I thinned, hoed and topped beets; worked in the potatoes; and did many other things around the farm. There were about 24 head of cows to be milked. For my work, I got $18.00 a month. The next summer I got $25.00 and then $30.00 per month.
In the winter I went back to Salt Lake City because there wasn’t any work left on the farm.
I worked in the Apex Mine in Bingham at the same time that Jack Dempsey was a diamond drill sharpener.
The next winter I worked in the coal mine at Wattis in Carbon County during the flu epidemic in 1918. My future father-in-law [George Wanner] took the flu and was in the hospital in Salt Lake City. Shortly after his boy, Golden, also caught the flu and died. I took the body home to Whitney, Idaho on the train.
I did the chores for the family because they all had the flu. After working for George Wanner, 7 year on and off, I married at the age of 22 to his daughter, Mary Louise Wanner, in the Salt Lake Temple on March 10, 1920.
At a time when things were tough, I worked on the farm for James R. Bodily and in the winter I did janitor work at the Whitney School and meeting house for $30.00 a month. Then our son, William Junior was born. During this time I helped build the sugar factory in Whitney.
In 1922 we moved to Salt Lake City and I worked for the Royal Bakery for one year, then we moved back to Preston and went into the café business with my brother, Walter. We stayed in the café business until the end of 1925, then we bought the Wanner farm in Preston during the depression times.
I used to dig basements, haul gravel and sand, haul sugar beets from the beet piles to the sugar factory for $4.00 a ton. It was hard making this $1000.00 principle and $500.00 interest but with the Lord’s help and a good wife and children, we paid for the farm. In 1937 we bought 9 more acres on the east side of our farm, making 44 acres.
In 1937, I was made a High Priest. I have been a ward teacher for 36 years, ward teaching supervisor for 7 years, and a group leader for the High Priests Quorum for 12 years.
I am, at present, a director of the Mink Creek-Riverdale Canal Company.
Our main crops on this farm have been sugar beets and potatoes. We have raised peas and corn for many years.
Our present family consists of 12 children, 8 boys and 4 girls (of which 2 of the boys have passed on).
In 1947, I had a back fusion operation. It was very successful.
Seven of our children are married from which we have received 28 grand children and 2 great grand children. One of our boys is in the Western States Mission now. We have had 2 on missions previously.
I would like to pass this biography on to my son.
Prepared and arranged November 28, 1961 by William F. Andra, Sr. (Age 63) — AUTOBIOGRAPHY —
The principle factors that determined the success of William F. Andra and his wife, Mary Louise Wanner Andra, were ambition and religion. Always fight for the good!
This document found its way into my family history files for good reason. Settler no. 68 — William Sharp (1826–1900) — is my ancestor. William was born 10 December 1826 in Misson, Nottinghamshire, England. He married Mary Ann Padley and the couple crossed the plains in the Moses Clawson Company, arriving in Salt Lake City on 15 September 1853. They went first to Lehi, but as the Plain City History records, “the land was not too good and there was no good grazing for their cattle.” They consecrated their Lehi property to the Church on 8 January 1857 — the same day as William Clark himself — before joining the group that would found Plain City.
The Daughters of Utah Pioneers history of Plain City describes William Sharp simply as “the first stone mason in Plain City.” That understates it considerably. He built the Episcopal Church in 1877, the old Singleton home, and Robert Maw’s adobe house — that last detail connecting two Lehi consecrators (nos. 68 and 47) in the work of building their new community. He played the cornet in Plain City’s first band alongside Abraham Maw. He made adobe bricks with Joseph Skeen, Joseph Robinson, and Jeppe G. Folkman — all men who appear on Clark’s consecration list. He worked with Thomas Singleton constructing many of Plain City’s early houses. His daughter Victorine Mary Sharp married Robert Edward Maw, connecting the two founding families by marriage as well as by community. His son Milo Riley Sharpplayed first base on Plain City’s founding baseball team, and Milo’s wife Lillie Stoker Sharp performed in Plain City’s second dramatic association. Milo served as school trustee beginning in 1897. Across generations, W. Albert Sharp served as a founding trustee of both the town board and the cemetery district when Plain City incorporated in 1944.
The Sharps were not alone in making that journey north from Lehi. The consecration list reads almost like a founding roster for Plain City — and the primary sources confirm it. Robert Maw (no. 47) left his own first-person account: “I Robert Maw, say that I was one of the first pioneers who came to Plain City on March 17, 1859. We left Lehi on the 10th of March.” The fall 1858 scouting party that selected the Plain City site included Daniel Collett (no. 14), Joseph Skeen (no. 69), William Wallace Raymond (no. 64), Joseph Robinson (no. 67), Joseph Folkman and Jeppe Folkman (no. 28), and Thomas Ashton — men who had consecrated their Lehi properties just months before. When Plain City Branch was organized in May 1859, William Wallace Raymond was appointed the first Presiding Elder, with Daniel Collett and Jeppe G. Folkman as counselors. Joseph Skeen — who built Plain City’s first log cabin and is credited with introducing adobe making to Utah — was appointed the first water master. His wife Alice Booth Robinson was recorded as the first white woman to set foot on Plain City soil.
Jeppe Jorgen Folkman (no. 28) managed Plain City’s cooperative ZCMI store from its founding in 1869 and operated one of the settlement’s first stores from his home. The Folkman family remained central to Plain City’s commercial and civic life for generations. Robert Maw (no. 47) founded the Maw family line in Plain City — his descendants produced three generations of ward bishops, a commercial dynasty in the Maw store and canning operations, and civic leaders serving on the town board and irrigation company board well into the twentieth century. William Van Dyke (no. 78) operated one of Plain City’s earliest merchant stores, confirmed as a living pioneer at the 1909 50th anniversary celebration. The Raymond family (nos. 63–64) provided the first Presiding Elder, first Relief Society president, and LDS Sunday School assistant superintendent.
The Lehi fort of the 1850s was, in a very real sense, the nursery of Plain City. Clark’s consecration list and the Plain City founding history are two windows into the same group of people, two years apart.
The following is a transcription of Clark’s paper, with the three original images and footnotes collected at the end.
Wayne E. Clark, a Lehi native and retired Auburn University professor of entomology, spent years examining the consecration deeds signed by early Lehi settlers, comparing them against Utah County property records, the 1860 Federal Census, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, and family history sources. His 2017 paper, part of the Wayne E. Clark Collection at the Lehi Historical Society and Archives (lehihistory.com), has been cited by the University of Utah’s Century of Black Mormons project and published in the Lehi Free Press. The underlying deeds are held in the Utah County Office of Land Records and at the BYU L. Tom Perry Special Collections.
Early Mormon Settlers in Lehi, Utah Territory, Consecrated Their Properties to Their Church
Wayne E. Clark
Lehi, Utah, 2017
The Lehi Pioneer Monument was erected in 1908 on the Northeast corner of First North and First West Streets in Lehi, Utah. A photographer pointing his lens toward the Southeast captured a portion of a small adobe home in an early photograph of the monument. That home stood on First North Street on the block on which the Lehi Memorial Building would come to stand in a few years. In pioneer times the block on which it stood was the northeastern-most of sixteen city blocks that were enclosed within a twelve-foot-high mud wall erected as protection against the fear of hostile Indians. The monument was constructed on the site of the last crumbling remnants of the old wall.
Things have changed in Lehi since the little adobe home stood across the street from the monument. The wall is gone and forgotten. The old Lehi High School/Junior High School athletic field that came to occupy the site on which the monument and the adobe house in the background is gone, if not entirely forgotten. Instead of the athletic field, chairs and umbrellas surround a small wading pool on a deck that extends south of the swimming pool that’s part of the large Lehi Legacy Center complex on the ground on which the monument stood, and a large parking lot covers the ground on which the house once stood. Today, if one stands on the spot where the photographer stood in 1908, or some time not long afterward, automobiles that carry people to and from the Lehi Legacy Center occupy a prominent portion of the scene. The Memorial Building can be seen along the photographer’s line of site in the background.
The owner of the home was my second great grandfather, English Mormon immigrant William Clark (1825–1910). He and at least 84 other heads of families in Lehi did what he did between 11 April 1856 and 30 January 1858. A little more than three years later he consecrated his little adobe house to the church.
Feramorz Young Fox provides an explanation of the “Consecration Movement” of the 1850s.2 He writes that the movement was church-wide. Hundreds of documents he calls “deeds of consecration” were generated in the Utah Territory between 1855 and 1862.3 The first public announcement of the Consecration Movement was given at general conference in April 1854, but the implementation was delayed until a proper form compliant with the laws of the Territory could be developed and printed. He writes that Brigham Young’s consecration deed4 is dated 11 April 1855, but notes the existence of an earlier deed recorded in Millard County on 1 January 1855.
Fox presents a table5 in which the numbers of deeds by county are listed, along with the population of each county between the years 1855 and 1857. The total for the fourteen counties in the table is given as 2,747. This must be the figure used by Leonard Arrington to calculate that about forty percent of the 7,000 heads of families in the Utah Territory deeded all their property to the church during the period in which the program was in effect.6 Fox gives the following numbers for Utah County: 69 (1855), 147 (1856), and 92 (1857) for a total of 922.
William Clark’s consecration deed is representative.
Be it known by these presents that I, William Clark, of Lehi City, in the county of Utah, and Territory of Utah, for and in consideration of the good will which I have for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, give and convey unto Brigham Young, Trustee in Trust for said Church, his successors in office, and assigns, all my claim to and ownership of the following described property, to wit:
One lot in the City of Lehi with buildings thereon and improvements: Lot no. 6 in Block 16 containing 50/160 of an improvement.
Also Lot 9 in Block 7 of Plat B in the American Creek Survey of Farm Land containing 5 acres … $25.00
Also Lots 12 & 13 in Block 5 Containing 2 acres in the Lehi Garden Lot Survey … $20.00
Also Lot 15 in Block 10 Containing 10 acres in Plat B, American Creek Survey of Farm Land … $30.00
Also outstanding account in land … $200.00
1 yoke of oxen, 1 horse … $140.00
1 wagon, $45, 1 rifle, $10 … $55.00
2 cows @ $30.00 each, 1 two year old, $25 … $55.00
1 yearling heifer, $15, 1 hog, $17 … $32.00
Farming tools, $10. Mechanics tool, $2.50 … $12.50
Household furniture … $50.00
35 Bu. of Wheat @ $2 per Bushel … $70.00
10 Bu. of Corn @ $1.5 per Bushel … $15.00
30 Bu. of Oats @ $1 per Bushel … $30.00
30 Bu. of Potatoes @ $1 per Bushel … $30.00
Garden Vegetable $6, Hay $24 … $30.00
120 lbs of Pork at 20¢ per lb … $24.00
Total Amount of William Clark’s property … $1048.508
Together with all the rights privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging or pertaining. I also covenant and agree that I am the lawful claimant and owner of said property and will warrant and forever defend the same unto the said Trustee in Trust, his successors in office and assigns, against the claims of our heirs and assigns, against the claims of any heirs, assigns, or any person whosoever.
[signed] William Clark his x mark
Witnesses: Thomas Taylor George A. Leslie Thomas Ashton
Territory of Utah, County of Utah. I Lucius N. Scovill, Recorder of the aforesaid County, certify that the signer of the above transfer, personal known to me, appeared this 8th day of January AD 1857, and acknowledged that he of his own choice executed the foregoing transfer.
Lucius N. Scovill Recorder of Utah Co. UT.
The property William Clark and his neighbors in Lehi consecrated to the church included title to land. This falls into three categories for Clark and for the others: farm land, garden plots and lots on city blocks. The farm land is defined in what the deeds refer to as the “American Creek Survey of Farm Land.” This survey has not been located.9 Likewise, the survey for the Garden Plots referred to on the consecration deeds has not been located.10 The third category of property in land recorded on the consecration deeds refers to a “Lehi Survey of Building Lots.” The survey was evidently done in 1853 by Bishop Evans, as described in the consecration deeds.
The sixteen blocks inside the fort were numbered beginning with the block on the Southeast corner as Block 1 and continuing east to west with Blocks 2 through 4, then switching to east on the second tier of blocks and so forth to Block 16 on the Northeast corner of the fort.
Although the blocks inside the fort had to be re-numbered, this numbering system is consistent with one in use today. The current system apparently dates from 1861. According to Gardner,13 on April 27, 1861, the council received a numerously signed petition asking that the city be enlarged. This unmistakable sign of growth occasioned much discussion. For one, Bishop Evans seriously objected to any such extension of the city, giving as his reason the lack of water in Dry Creek to supply any considerable addition to the population of Lehi. Finally, however, all objections were satisfactorily adjusted, and the City Council ordered that a tier of blocks be surveyed around the wall. These did not supply the unexpected demand for building lots, so a tier each on the North and South was subsequently surveyed and sold to home builders.
Gardner included a diagrammatic depiction of the fort, surrounded by the wall, in his history,14 with four gates for ingress and egress, four guard towers, and the locations and layouts of each of the blocks, as well as the layout of the building lots on the blocks, are depicted. The numbers of blocks 1–16 are shown, with the corresponding numbers of the same blocks in the later surveys and continuing to this date, in parentheses. The lot and block numbers are listed on 71 of the 85 1856/1858 Lehi consecration deeds.15 The building lots on the diagram as assigned to the individual settlers are identified by the following numbers. Some of the homes listed on the consecration deeds are still standing. The house nearest current addresses of these are listed. The apparent location of houses no longer standing are also given below.
The Settler Lists
Note: Seventy-two of the 85 examined consecration deeds list the block number and the lot number of property in the city. All of the blocks listed are inside the fort. A few deeds list portions of additional lots, and some list two or more complete building lots. Thirteen deeds list no city lots. Presumably those individuals did not own their own homes. Thirty-two deeds list an adobe house and one lists a “mud house.” These are valued from $150.00 to $1,100.00. Two individuals, Abram Hatch and John Riggs Murdock, specified that their adobe houses had four rooms and one cellar. Joseph Skeen listed a 6-room adobe house. Eight log houses (on 7 lots), with values ranging from $60.00 to $200.00, are listed on the deeds. Eighteen deeds list a lot number and a block number but specify only that the property was “with improvements,” without describing the type of house. Fourteen of the 85 deeds have no lot or block numbers or houses. Presumably these individuals did not own their own homes. Lehi settler’s consecrations ranged from $127.75 to $3,075.00, for a total of $93,128.70.
South, 400 West 1. Andrew Anderson (1833–1909). Lehi, Lot 4, Block 12, with adobe house, $400.00, $1,203.00 total consecration. 17 November 1856. BK C, 1855, p. 83. 37 South, 400 West
South, 200 West 2. Thomas Ashton (1813–1903). Lehi, Lot 8, Block 11, with log house, $200.00, $1,543.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 109. 36 South, 200 West
140 South, 200 West 3. Charles Barnes Jr. (1827–1911). Lehi, Lot 2, Block 7, with adobe house, $300.00, $1,008.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 129.
69 South, 300 West 4. Alfred Bell (1794–1874). Lehi, Lot 4, Block 11, with adobe house, $400.00, $1,201.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 123.
5. Jens Peter Ipsen Benson [Peter Benson] (1831–1898). Lehi, no city lot, $135.00 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 177.
6. Yeppa Benson [Jeppe Bendtsen] (1795–1872). Lehi, no city lot, $168.00 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 177.
West, 300 South 7. Samuel Briggs (1826–1898). Lehi, Lot 3, Block 4, with adobe house, $150.00, $997.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 131. 382
West Main Street 8. George Brough (1823–1914). Lehi, Lot 7, Block 16, with adobe home, $150.00, $421.00 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 180. 55 North Center Street
North Center Street 9. Abram Brown [Abraham Brown] (1808–1891). Lehi, Lot 9, Block 12, with adobe house, $250.00, $608.00 total consecration. 26 January 1857. BK F, p. 208. 333 West Main Street
West Main Street 10. John Brown (1820–1896). Lehi, Lot 7, Block 9, with improvements, $150.00, $3,083.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 81. 45 West Main Street
15 West, 100 South 11. Martin Bushman (1802–1870). Lehi, Lot 6, Block 8, with improvements, $300.00, $1,032.00 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 167.
284 West, 200 South 12. David Clark (1816–1889). Lehi, Lot 2, Block 6, with adobe house, $600.00, $1,520.00 total consecration. 5 February 1857. BK G, p. 71.
100 West, 100 North 13. William Clark (1825–1910). Lehi, Lot 6, Block 16, with adobe house, $200.00, $1,048.50 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 91. 45 West, 100 North
West Main Street 14. Daniel Collett (1807–1894). Lehi, Lot 4, Block 15, with improvements, $200.00, $1,313 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 126. 188 West Main Street
West Main Street 15. Sylvanus Collett (1835–1901). Lehi, Lot 6, Block 10, with adobe house, $150.00, $360.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p.
104, 115 West Main Street 16. Sarah Couzens [Sarah Jaque] (widow of Joseph Couzens [Joseph William Cousins (1809–1856)], deceased). Lehi, Lot 4, Block 13, with improvements, $150.00, $927.20 total consecration. 9 March 1857. BK H, p. 40.
206, 389 West, 100 South 17. Daniel William Cox (1801–1858). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 5, with adobe house, $450.00, $2,225.50 total consecration. 20 January 1857. BK F, p.
West Main Street 18. William Taylor Dennis (1810–1894). Lehi, no city lot, $4,115.50 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 111.
West Main Street 19. Joseph Dobson (1804–1872). Lehi, Lot 2, Block 15, with mud house, $200.00, $721.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 83. 130
86 North, 400 West 20. James Downs (1815–1882). Lehi, Lot 6 and W1/2 of Lot 7, Block 13, with adobe house, $250.00, $1,813.00 total consecration. 9 March 1857. BK H, p. 46.16
North, 100 West 21. Robert Dunn (1818–1885). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 16, with improvements, $250.00, $1,085 total consecration. 20 January 1857. BK F, p. 272.17 86 North, 100 West
North, 100 West 22. Shadrack Empy (1822–1892). Lehi, Lot 7, Block 14, with adobe house, $200.00, $820.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 130. 229
West, 100 North 23. Abel Evans (1812–1866). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 14, except NE Quarter of lot, with house, $150.00, $528.00 total consecration. 31 December 1856. BK F, p. 40.18 90 North, 300 West
Main Street 24. David Evans (1804–1883). Lehi, Lots 2 and 6, Block 14, $1,100.00, $3,075.00 total consecration. 10 May 1856. BK C, p. 39.19 288 West Main Street
Main Street 25. Henry Beck Evans (1830–1911). Lehi, no city lot, $180.00 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 284.
200 West 26. Joseph Field (1831–1911). Lehi, Lot 4, Block 10, with improvements, $200.00, $489.00 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 178. 49
200 West, South 27. John Folker (1814–1884). Lehi, Lot 8, Block 6, with adobe house, $200.00, $984.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 94. 166
South, 200 West 28. Jeppe George Folkmann [Jeppe Jorgen Folkman] (1824–1916).20 Lehi, Lot 6, Block 1, with improvements, $65.00, $394.00 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 285. 65 West, 200 South
200 West, South 29. William Fotheringham (1826–1913). Lehi, Lot 3, Block 1, with two log houses, $100.00, $1,845 total consecration. 4 November 1856. BK C, p.
73, 66 West, 300 South 30. Charles Wesley Gallup. Lehi, no city lot, $438.50 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 170.
31. John Henry Glines (1831–1897). Lehi, no city lot, $387.00 total consecration. 31 March 1857. BK H p. 90.
Block 6, Lot 6, 6 North 32. Abram Hatch [Abraham Chase Hatch] (1830–1911). Lehi, Lot 6, Block 4, with adobe house, $750.00, $2,891.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, np. 132.21
100 South 33. Lorenzo Hill Hatch (1826–1910), and Sylvia S. Hatch. Lehi, Lot 2, Block 13, with buildings and improvements, $800.00, $1,608.00 total consecration. 11 April 1856. BK C 1855, p. 41.22 212 South, 300 West
125 West 34. John Joseph Hayes (1825–1899). Lehi, E1/2 Lot 7, Block 7, $100.00, $311.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 105. 125 West, 100 South
96 North, 200 West 35. William Brown Hill (1836–1883). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 15, with improvements, $150.00, $931.75 total consecration. 29 December 1856. BK F, p. 30. 96 North, 200 West
93 North, 100 West 36. William Hyde (1818–1874). Lehi, Lot 8, Block 15, $150.00, $1,040.00 total consecration. 23 December 1857. BK H, p. 106.
187 West Main Street 37. Ezekiel Hopkins (1801–1872), or his son, Ezekiel Hopkins (1839–1911). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 10, with log house, $200.00, $610.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 120.23 187 West Main Street
87 North, 300 West 38. Daniel James (1807–1880). Lehi, E1/2 Lot 7, and N1/2 Lot 8, Block 13, with adobe house, $200.00, $871.00 total consecration. 28 February 1857. BK H, p. 21. 87 North, 300 West
South, 300 West 39. Samuel James (1825–1893). Lehi, Lot 7, Block 12, with adobe house, $150.00, $490.00 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 278. 24
West Main Street 40. John Karren (1834–1905). Lehi, Lot 7, Block 11, with adobe house, $150.00, $441.00 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 181. 231
West Main Street 41. Thomas Karren (1810–1876). Lehi, Lot 2 & the E1/2 of Lot 3, in Block 12, with log house, $150.00, $1,766.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 92. 390 West, 100 South
217 South, 100 West 42. Henry Kearns (1778–1859). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 1, with improvements, $350.00, $1,049.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 128.
West Main Street 43. Suel Lamb (1833–1913). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 9, with adobe house, $150.00, $652.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 127. 95 West Main Street
261 South, 200 West 44. John Irvin Lawson [John Lawson] (1805–1884). Lehi, N1/2 Lot 3, Block 3, with improvements, $50.00, $145.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 117.
290 South, 200 West 45. Abraham Losee (1814–1887). Lehi, Lot 1, Block 3, with improvements, $150.00, $1,153.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 115.
290 South, 200 West 46. John Smiley Lott (1826–1894) and Permelia Darrow Lott (widow of Cornelius P. Lott, deceased) and Peter Lott (1805–1882). Lehi, Lot 1, Block 3, $150.00, $1,153.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 115.
[Peter] Lyman Lott (1842–1906). Lehi, Lots 6 and 7, Block 3, with improvements, $600.00, $2,226.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 100. 241 West, 200 South
47. Robert Maw (1834–1920). Lehi, no city lot, $285.00 total consecration. 19 January 1857. BK F, p. 182. PC
45 West, 100 North 48. James McGaw (1824–1872) & Elias Bassett.24 Lehi, Lot 6, Block 16, with adobe house, $400.00, $2,255.00 total consecration. 23 December 1857. BK H, p. 108.
100 North 49. Ephraim Mecham (1808–1891). Lehi, no city lot, $392.50 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 280.
50. John Miller (1846–1939). Lehi, no city lot, $127.75 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 280.
300 West 51. John Murdock (1792–1871). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 3, with house, $100.00, $295.00 total consecration. 31 December 1856. BK F, p. 38. 209 South
300 West 52. John Riggs Murdock (1826–1913). Lehi, Lot 4, Block 3, also 3/8 of Lot 3, Block 4, Lehi, with 4-room adobe house with cellar, $800.00, $5,097.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 114. 269 South, 300 West
238 West, 300 South 53. Orrice Clapp Murdock (1824–1915). Lehi, Lot 2 and 2 rods of the E side of Lot 3, Block 3, with house, $500.00, $1,665.50 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 95. 238 West, 300 South
South Center Street 54. Jens Nelson [Jens Nielsen] (1796–1875). Lehi, N1/2 of Lot 7, Block 8, $50.00, $306.00 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 171. 140
South Center Street 55. Henry Elliot Norton (1826–1913). Lehi, no city lot, $460.00 total consecration. 7 May 1856. BK C, p. 42.
74 West, 100 South 56. Peter Madsen Peel [Peder Madsen Pihl] (1820–1900). Lehi, Lot 3, Block 9, with log house, $100.00, $537.00 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 279. 74 West, 100 South
140 South Center Street 57. Hans Peterson [Hans Pederson] (1823–1881). Lehi, S1/2 of Lot 7, Block 8, with log house, $60.00, $537.00 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 286. 140 South Center Street
88 South, 300 West 58. Canute Peterson (1824–1902). Lehi, Lot 1, Block 12, with improvements, $150.00, $1,957.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 85.
59. Peter Peterson (1821–1901). Lehi, no city lot, $307.50 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 283.
290 South, 100 West 60. Stephen Howard Pierce (1816–Deceased). Lehi, Lot 1, Block 2, with improvements, $466.00, $761.00 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 275.
290 South, 100 West 61. Charles Price (1800–1873). Lehi, no city lot, $680.00 total consecration. 27 November 1856. BK C, p. 104.
South Center Street 62. Tunis Rappley (1808–1883). Lehi, Lot 8, Block 1, with adobe house, $200.00, $772.00 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK F, p. 282. 220 South Center Street
260 South, 100 West 63. Alonzo Pearls Raymond (1821–1904). Lehi, Lot 8,25 Block 2, with adobe house, $300.00, $2,305.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 108. 260 South, 100 West
215 South, 100 West 64. William Wallace Raymond (1824–1881). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 2, with log house, $200.00, $2,020.00 total consecration. 31 March 1857. BK H, p.
88 West, 215 South 65. William Reid (1805–1858). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 13, with improvements, $23.00, $450.50 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 179.
86 North, 400 West 66. Alonzo Donnell Rhodes (1824–1893). Lehi, E1/2 of Lot 1, Block 10, with house, $200.00, $1,164.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 102. 90 South, 100 West
125 West, 100 South 67. Joseph Robinson (1814–1891). Lehi, W1/2 Lot 7, Block 7, with improvements, $100.00, $521.00 total consecration. 28 January 1857.26 BK F, p. 281. 125 West, 100 South
100 South 68. William Sharp ([1826]–1900). Lehi, no city lot, $235.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 86.
86 West, 125 South 69. Joseph Skeen (1816–1882). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 4, with 6-room adobe house, $1,000.00, $2,764.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 99. 377 West, 200 South
205, 390 West Main Street 70. Joseph Johnson Smith (1821–1902). Lehi, Lot 3, Block 13, with adobe house, $500.00, $1,804.00 total consecration. 20 January 1857. BK F, p.
89, 267 South, 400 West 71. Samuel Thomas Smith (1823–1890). Lehi, Lot 4, Block 4, with adobe house, $150.00, $507.50 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p.
West Main Street 72. James Taylor [James Whitehead Taylor] (1819–1891) and Ann Taylor. Lehi, Lot 8, Block 7, $700.00, $1,300.00 total consecration. no date, no month,27 1856. BK C 1855, p. 40. 110 South, 100 West
382 West, 300 South 73. Thomas Taylor (1826–1900). Lehi, Lot 2, Block 2, with adobe house, $300.00, $932.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 106–107.
65 South, 100 West 74. William Taylor [William Whitehead Taylor] (1828–1907). Lehi, Lot 3, Block 10, adobe house, $200.00, total consecration $625.00. [no date]. BK C 1855, p. 81. April 1856. 65 South, 100 West
186 South, 300 West 75. Daniel Stillwell Thomas (1803–1878). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 12, with adobe house, $300.00, $842.50 total consecration. 26 February 1857. BK G, p. 204. 405 West Main Street
West Main Street 76. Preston Thomas (1814–1877). Lehi, Lot 5, Block 11, with log houses, $200.00, $2,207.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 97. 281 West Main Street
186 South, 300 West 77. John Titcomb (1800–1858). Lehi, Lot 1, Block 5, with adobe house, $300.00, $1,150.00 total consecration. 10 January 1857. BK F, p. 122.
37 West, 200 South
78. William Van Dyke (1830–1901). Lehi, Lot 7, Block 1, with adobe house, $200.00, $523.75 total consecration. 30 January 1858. Not found in Utah County book.28
11 West, 200 South 79. Andrew Vince [Moses Andrews Vince] (1809–1859). Lehi, Lot 8, Block 8, $450.00 total consecration. 8 January 1857. BK F, p. 88. 11 West Main Street
216 South, 200 West 80. William Sidney Smith Willes (1819–1871). Lehi, Lot 8, Block 3, with improvements, $700.00, $2,020.00 total consecration. 9 January 1857. BK F, p. 112–113.
168 West, 200 South 81. Thomas Griffin Winn (1829–1904). Lehi, Lot 3, Block 7, with adobe house, $200.00, $666.50 total consecration. 7 January 1857. BK F, p.
80 West, 168 South 82. William Henry Winn (1833–1884). Lehi, no lot or block, $148.00 total consecration. 9 April 1857. BK H, p. 84.
240 South, 100 West 83. Solomon Wixom (1809–1879).29 Lehi, Lot 7 and N1/2 of Lot 8, Block 2, with adobe house, $400.00, $1,308.50 total consecration. 28 January 1857. BK H, p.
36 West, 100 South 84. Georg Gottlieb Zimmermann (1781–1866). Lehi, Lot 2, Block 9, with improvements, $125.00, $443.00 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 169.
88 South, Center Street 85. John Zimmerman (1820–1908). Lehi, Lot 1, Block 9, $125.00, $1,873.00 total consecration. 16 January 1857. BK F, p. 176. Fort Cabin Occupants
The cabins were arranged end-to-end to form a hollow square in the first of two phases of the fort. Van Wagoner says nearly three hundred settlers occupied sixty cabins, but he names only fifty-three individuals31 on the list corresponding to the numbers (1–85) of the diagram.
East Side (7)
North Side (12)
West Side (18)
South Side (16)
William Goates
2. Thomas Ashton
John Andreason
Orrace Murdock
81. George Zimmerman
4. Alfred Bell
17. Daniel Cox
51. John R. Murdock Sen.
John Zimmerman
22. Abel Evans
Samuel James
50. John Murdock
John Spires
23. David Evans
38. Samuel James
31. Abram Hatch
61. Tunis Rappley
14. William Dobson
75. Luke Titcomb
45. Mrs. Pamelia Lott
Martin Bushman
Philip Olmstead
Charles Partridge
45. John S. Lott
John Brown
Prime Coleman
7. Samuel Briggs
Ira J. Willes
William Coleman
William Goates
77. W. S. S. Willes
George Coleman
70. Samuel T. Smith
44. Abraham Losee
William Burgess
12. David Clark
Mrs. Lydia Losee
Jehial McConnell
57. Canute Peterson
68. Joseph Skeens
Joel W. White
9. Abraham Brown
40. Thomas Skeens
Israel Evans
John Mercer
Alonzo D. Rhodes
David Evans
69. Joseph J. Smith
Thomas Karren
Riley Judd
84. Daniel S. Thomas
John Winn
David Judd
Samuel Harwood
Silas P. Barnes
John W. Norton
Daniel Cox
61. Tunis Rappley
Henry Norton
Oley Ellingson
J. Wiley Norton
David Norton
Closing Notes
Some of the settlers remained in Lehi after their 1856/1857 consecrations were accepted and recorded. The locations of the homes of several of them in later years have been located in other studies.32 Some moved from Lehi. Some moved from the fort in Lehi to other property in Lehi. For example, William Clark moved from the Lot 6 property on Block 16(40) to a home on Lot 4 of the same block some time before he received title to both lots in 1871.
Some of the names absent from the cabins list are absent from the consecration deeds. This could reflect the fact that the individuals left Lehi before the consecration movement began, or that the individuals did not consecrate their property, or that their consecration deeds have not yet been located.
Sixty-eight of the 128 building lots on the sixteen blocks in the fort are represented on the consecration deeds. If 40% of the men in the Lehi settlement consecrated their property, as Arrington says was the estimated percentage of the participation of the men in the Territory, 51 lots should have been claimed on the deeds. It appears that participation in the consecration movement was higher in Lehi than in other parts of the Territory.
Notes
1 This, and similar documents by Wayne E. Clark, are posted at the Lehi Historical Society and Historical Archive Indexes, https://www.lehihistory.com. Thanks to John Knollin Haws Jr. and the other volunteers at the Lehi Historical Society and Archives for encouragement and support, and to Dan Olds for heartily pushing for the search for consecration deeds and for other important historical information. Corrections or additions welcome. wayneeldenclark@gmail.com.
2 Fox, Feramorz Y. (March 1944). The Consecration Movement of the Middle ‘Fifties,’ Improvement Era, 47 (2) February, March 1944: 80–81, 120–21, 124–25, 146–47, 185, 187–88.
3 He wrote that the recorded deeds were to have been sent to the office of the Trustee-in-Trust of the church in Great Salt Lake City. These must include the deeds now preserved in the LDS Church History Library, in Salt Lake City. Consecration Deeds, 1854–1867. One book, Consecration book, circa 1857–1858, Call Number CR 5 53, Identifier CR 5 53/b0001. No. 233, has a list of deeds from throughout the Territory. The original deeds on the printed forms of many are accessible from CR 5 53: Consecration Deeds 1854–1867. For example, the original consecration deed of John Brown is accessed from Deeds, B, #271–288. Fox mentions the existence of two deeds in possession of a man who found them in a rubbish pile.
4 Found in “Book A of Deeds” in the church historians office, and in “Pioneer Records, Salt Lake County Recorder’s Office, p. 249.”
7 Fox notes that this is an exact count, taken from records in office of the county recorder. He must have seen the copies of the deeds preserved in LDS Conveyance books in the Utah County Office of Land Records, 100 East Center Street, Suite 1300, Provo, Utah 84606. The contents of the books are indexed for electronic searching. Consecration deeds of early Lehi settlers are found in books labelled LDS Church Conveyances, BK C, BK F, and BK H.
8 His consecration was twenty cents below the average, $1,048.70.
9 Ownership and numbers of Lots and Blocks and acreage on various surveys throughout the county are contained in Webb Access to Utah County Land Records – Abstract Images — LDS Church Conveyance. Included are “American Creek Survey 1851,” “American Creek Survey of Farm Land,” 1853–1855, “Upper Dry Creek Survey of Farming Land,” 1853, and “Lake Farm Land.”
10 Presumably the garden plots in 1855/1856 were the same as the ones on later records. The earliest entry in the Utah County abstract book for garden plots for Lehi is for 1 December 1879.
23 Original in LDS Church History Library, CR 5 53, box 3, fd. 3
24 James McGaw, age 34, was in Ogden, Utah, in the 1860 Census. His wife, Mary Matilda Bassett (1800–1878), age 56, was with him, as was Mary’s mother, Matilda Salter Bassett (1800–1878), age 56, (1837–1906), age 23, and Elias Bassett, age 40. Elias must have been James’s brother in law.
25 This may be listed in error for Lot 6. Lot 8 of Block 2 is also recorded as having been claimed by Solomon Wixom on 28 January 1857. Alternatively Raymond and Wixom could each have occupied 1/2 of Lot 6 in 1857.
26 Immediately follows the deed of David Evans, dated 10 May 1856, and precedes the deeds of Lorenzo Hill Hatch, dated 11 April 1856, and of Henry C. Norton, dated 7 May [1856].
32 A subsequent study of the consecration deeds combined with the 1860 Census and other sources of information resulted in a more complete picture of the Lehi City fort in the years following the issuance of the deeds. Mormon Pioneers in Lehi, Utah Territory, 1854–1871, https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5wDxipAGQN2YzRBczAxMjlhsVFU/view?usp=sharing
Wayne E. Clark, Lehi, Utah, 2017. Part of the Wayne E. Clark Collection at the Lehi Historical Society and Archives, https://www.lehihistory.com. Contact: wayneeldenclark@gmail.com. Corrections or additions welcome.
Decision:In re Jason Josue Lugo, Case No. 15-40121-JDP (Bankr. D. Idaho, 25 Jun. 2015) Judge: Honorable Jim D. Pappas, United States Bankruptcy Judge Counsel for Debtor: Paul Ross, Idaho Bankruptcy Law, Paul, Idaho Chapter 13 Trustee: Kathleen A. McCallister, Meridian, Idaho Trustee’s Counsel: Holly Roark, Office of Kathleen A. McCallister, Meridian, Idaho
Background
Jason Josue Lugo and his wife Lori married in 1996. In December 2003, Lugo acquired real property in Declo, Idaho, and in March 2004 conveyed it to himself and Lori by quitclaim deed. The couple built a home on the property that year and moved in with their family, establishing an automatic homestead exemption by virtue of their occupancy as a principal residence under Idaho Code § 55-1004(1).
In July 2012, Lugo moved out of the marital home due to irreconcilable differences. His family remained in the home. He did not record a declaration of non-abandonment. Under Idaho Code § 55-1006, six months of continuous vacancy creates a presumption of abandonment — meaning Lugo’s automatic homestead was presumed abandoned by January 2013. On 12 September 2013, a stipulated divorce decree was entered awarding Lori sole possession of the property, subject to the two existing mortgages and a $40,000 obligation to Lugo’s father. Under the decree, Lori was to refinance the mortgages within seven months and pay Lugo’s father in installments; if she could not refinance, the property was to be sold and the proceeds used to satisfy the parties’ debts. The decree did not expressly grant Lugo any continuing interest in the property. Pending refinance or sale, Lori was responsible for the first mortgage payments and Lugo for the second.
On 17 February 2015, before filing his bankruptcy petition later that same day, Lugo recorded a Declaration of Homestead on the Declo property with Cassia County. He then filed a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition claiming the property exempt as his homestead in the amount of $49,401.93 — the estimated equity — under Idaho Code §§ 55-1001, 55-1002, and 55-1003. His Chapter 13 plan proposed to sell the property and pay the secured creditors, with any nonexempt proceeds distributed to unsecured creditors. Lugo acknowledged he could not afford to continue making the second mortgage payments.
The Trustee’s Objection
The Trustee objected to the homestead exemption claim on two grounds: Lugo did not reside at the property — his petition listed his residence in Rupert, Idaho — and his Chapter 13 plan proposed to sell it, which the Trustee argued evidenced a lack of any intent to reside there. The Trustee contended that Lugo therefore did not qualify for the homestead exemption under either Idaho’s automatic or declared homestead provisions, and that the claim should be disallowed in its entirety.
The Debtor’s Response
Debtor’s counsel filed a response arguing that the homestead exemption was valid and that the Trustee had not met the burden of proof required to overcome it.
Counsel acknowledged that Lugo had vacated the property in 2012 and had not filed a declaration of non-abandonment, which created a rebuttable presumption of abandonment of the automatic homestead under Idaho Code § 55-1006. Counsel argued, however, that Lugo had done precisely what Idaho law provides as an alternative: he recorded a Declaration of Homestead with Cassia County, invoking the second track of homestead protection under Idaho Code § 55-1004. That provision permits an owner who is not currently occupying a property as a principal residence to establish a homestead by recorded declaration, provided the declaration states an intent to reside there. Lugo’s declaration did so, and the technical requirements of the statute were met.
On the plan-to-sell issue, counsel argued that the Trustee’s position ignored Idaho Code § 55-1008, which exempts proceeds from the voluntary sale of a homestead for up to one year when the debtor intends to acquire a new homestead. Lugo wished to preserve the equity in the property for use in acquiring a new home, and the homestead exemption should follow the proceeds accordingly.
The Court’s Ruling
Judge Pappas sustained the Trustee’s objection and disallowed the homestead exemption.
The Court began by tracing the two tracks through which Idaho law permits a homestead to be established. The first — the automatic or “springing” homestead — arises by operation of law from the moment a debtor occupies property as a principal residence, without any filing or formality. Idaho Code § 55-1004(1). The second — the declared homestead — permits an owner who is not presently occupying property as a residence to establish a homestead by recording a declaration stating an intent to reside there. Idaho Code § 55-1004(2). Both tracks were relevant here.
Lugo had unquestionably established an automatic homestead when he moved into the Declo property in 2004. But he vacated in July 2012 without filing a declaration of non-abandonment, and under Idaho Code § 55-1006 that homestead was presumed abandoned by January 2013. No automatic homestead survived. Lugo therefore could not rely on the first track and turned to the second.
The recorded Declaration of Homestead was facially sufficient. It satisfied each technical requirement of Idaho Code § 55-1004(3): it stated an intent to reside on the property, included a legal description, and provided an estimated cash value, and it had been properly recorded before the bankruptcy petition was filed. Under normal circumstances, that would be enough. The declared homestead is a recognized and legitimate mechanism, and the Court acknowledged that recording a declaration before filing is a conventional and proper way to establish a homestead exemption.
But the Court held that satisfying the statutory checklist does not end the inquiry when the exemption is contested. When an objecting party challenges the declaration, the Court must look behind its face and assess the quality and genuineness of the proof supporting it — in particular, whether the stated intent to reside is real. Here, because the parties proceeded on stipulated facts alone, with no live testimony from Lugo, the record was fixed. And that record told a story that was flatly inconsistent with any genuine intent to reside at the Declo property.
The divorce decree, entered more than a year before the bankruptcy filing, awarded Lori sole possession of the property and contemplated only two outcomes: refinancing or sale. No scenario in the decree provided for Lugo’s return. His bankruptcy plan reinforced the same conclusion — it proposed to sell the property, and if the sale failed, to surrender it. Lugo acknowledged he could not afford the mortgage. Nothing in the record suggested any realistic pathway by which he could or would live at the Declo property again. The declaration’s statement of intent to reside, the Court concluded, was not supported by the facts.
The Court also rejected the § 55-1008 sale-proceeds argument. That provision exempts proceeds from the voluntary sale of a homestead for the purpose of acquiring a new homestead — but it presupposes a valid homestead exemption in the first place. Because no valid homestead had been established, there was nothing to carry forward into the proceeds. Moreover, the record contained no evidence that Lugo intended to use any sale proceeds to purchase a replacement homestead. The Court found his true aim was to preserve equity against distribution to unsecured creditors — an understandable goal, but not one the homestead statutes were designed to serve.
Why This Matters
Idaho’s two-track homestead system offers a genuine alternative to the automatic exemption. When an owner vacates a property and loses the automatic homestead through presumed abandonment, Idaho Code § 55-1004 provides a second path: recording a declaration of intent to reside. That mechanism is legitimate and used, and a properly recorded declaration ordinarily establishes the exemption. This case illustrates, however, that the declared homestead is not a rubber stamp. When the exemption is contested, the Court will look beyond the four corners of the declaration and assess whether the stated intent is genuine.
The divorce decree can be the most important document in the file. A stipulated divorce decree that awards possession of the property to the other spouse and contemplates only refinancing or sale effectively closes the door on any claimed intent to return. Where no scenario in the decree provides for the debtor’s residency, that decree will be powerful — perhaps decisive — evidence against the homestead claim. Counsel evaluating a client’s homestead position after a divorce should read the decree carefully before advising that a recorded declaration will succeed.
Failing to file a declaration of non-abandonment has lasting consequences. Idaho Code § 55-1006 gives a debtor who plans a long absence without intent to abandon the homestead a clear tool: record a declaration of non-abandonment. Lugo did not do so when he left in 2012, and by the time he filed for bankruptcy in 2015 the automatic homestead had been presumed abandoned for over two years. Practitioners advising clients who are leaving a marital home during separation or divorce proceedings should consider this step immediately.
Live testimony on intent may be essential. The Court explicitly noted that because the parties stipulated to the facts and no live testimony was offered, Lugo had no opportunity to address his subjective intent to return to the property. Stipulated facts are efficient but inflexible — they cannot be supplemented after the fact. Where a homestead exemption contest turns on intent, practitioners should consider whether proceeding by stipulation forecloses testimony that might have been outcome-determinative.
Idaho Code § 55-1008 requires both a valid underlying homestead and a genuine intent to acquire a replacement. The sale-proceeds exemption does not operate independently. It presupposes that the property being sold was validly exempt as a homestead. A debtor who cannot establish the underlying exemption cannot use § 55-1008 to protect sale proceeds. And even where the underlying exemption is valid, the proceeds exemption requires evidence of intent to use them to acquire a new homestead — a plan to sell, pay creditors, and retain equity does not qualify.
Full Decision: Available on PACER, Case No. 15-40121-JDP, Doc. 32 (Bankr. D. Idaho 25 Jun. 2015)
Hiram, Amanda, James, and Aliza Ross at the grave of David and Sarah Buttar in Clarkston, Utah – August 2021
I moved this history up in my list because I know two other descendants of David and Sarah Buttar who live near us. My wife and children are descendants of David and Sarah Buttar’s daughter, Emma Jane, who married David Crompton Thompson.
Amanda and Hiram Ross at the graves of David and Emma Thompson in Clarkston, Utah – August 2021
There are a couple of histories out there for David and Sarah Buttar. They seem to descend from a common history. There are a couple of differences and disputes, which I will point out.
James, Aliza, and Amanda Ross – 16 August 2026
David Buttar was born 2 December 1822 in Perthshire, Scotland to Donald Buttar and Elspeth Rattray. David’s death certificate and a Scottish family record give his father’s name as Daniel rather than Donald; all other sources use Donald. Some family records give Elspeth another first name of Betheah, but no contemporary record provides such a name. Although through the years, she was referred to as Betty. Some of the Buttar family records show the name. Her parents did not provide it on official records and she did not use it in her life for official purposes.
No contemporary record gives David’s birth location. He was christened 12 December 1822 in Rattray, Perthshire, Scotland. Family records show him as born in Blairgowrie, Perthshire, Scotland. His death certificate, the information coming from his surviving spouse, Sarah Keep Buttar, gives this location too.
James, Amanda, and Aliza Ross at the grave of David and Sarah Buttar – 16 August 2026
Donald, David’s father, was a tailor by trade. David was the youngest child of his father’s family. Both Donald and David apprenticed to become shoe makers. In Blairgowrie, David ran a substantial shoemaking business, employing and boarding some fifteen persons. David followed the shoe maker trade in both Scotland and in the United States. David was brought up in a religious home. He was also musical playing the bellows on the local Presbyterian Church’s pipe organ and the flute for the choir. His father, Donald, died at the age of 83 when David was 12 years old.
In 1848, at the age of 26, David married Margaret Spalding in Blairgowrie, Perthshire, Scotland (there are disputes on the actual date, so I left it generic). On 19 January 1851, David was baptized a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Margaret was initially resistant to the gospel. Elizabeth Graham Macdonald, a recent convert who boarded with the Buttars family in Blairgowrie while her missionary husband was away in the Highlands, worked to bring Margaret to an understanding of the gospel. Margaret was baptized in November 1851. David was ordained a priest in 1854. In February of that same year, David left Scotland for America with his wife and their four small children: Marjory, Meek, Bethea, and David. They sailed from Liverpool on the ship John M. Wood, arriving in New Orleans in May 1854. While at sea the youngest child David died. Family tradition holds a more harrowing account — that the parents initially kept the baby’s body rather than commit it to the sea, but that sharks began circling the ship in such numbers that the crew made a frantic search for the cause and found the child. The parents were compelled to give up the child to the deep. Whether the full family account is accurate in all its details, the loss of their infant son at sea was a grief the family carried with them to Utah. The journey by sea to America from Scotland took seven weeks and two days.
David and his family traveled across the plains by ox cart with the Taylor Company. (Other sources identify the plains company as Captain William Empey’s Company, one of the final wagon companies to cross the plains that year.) While on the plains, cholera erupted amongst the company and David became very ill and nearly died. It took him some time to get over the effects of cholera. David and his family had to walk most of the way to Utah. On the plains David had two remarkable encounters with rattlesnakes. One day while gathering firewood he picked up a rattlesnake among the sticks and carried it quite a distance in his arms without realizing it — discovering it only when he laid the wood down. On another occasion he made his bed under the wagon and in the morning, upon rolling up his bedroll, found that a rattlesnake had slept curled beneath him through the night. Neither snake harmed him. David would not kill rattlesnakes and said of them, “they didn’t harm me and they won’t hurt anyone else if they leave them along.”
Sarah’s history is shared below that includes stories of crossing the plains. Sarah mentions she traveled “first with Father and Mother… in Pratt’s Company, then Captain Inkley came to bring the sick in” — her journey in 1866 was separate from David’s 1854 journey.
The family arrived in Salt Lake City in the fall of 1854. They lived in Salt Lake City for five months where David worked as a shoemaker for a Brother Samuel Mellener. David then moved his family to Lehi, Utah. After moving to Lehi, David continued working for Brother Mellener. David did not have a method of transportation and had to walk from Lehi to Salt Lake to pick up leather for his shoes and return the finished shoes to Brother Mellener. There were times when he was able to secure a ride to Salt Lake. After a few years, David was able to raise some calves that, once grown, were able to supply a team of oxen for transportation. In Lehi the family lived in a mud house with a dirt floor. David also began to farm in Lehi. In the year 1856, all the crops in Lehi were eaten by grasshoppers and the family had no flour. Because of the flour shortage, bran bread was made.
In August 1863, Margaret died several days after giving birth, leaving David with six small children. The oldest girl was only fourteen years old and the baby, Margaret, was five days old. Baby Margaret died two weeks after her mother and was buried in the Lehi cemetery. David experienced sad, hard times and, having no family nearby to assist him with the children. Four years later on 16 December 1866 he married Sarah Keep Francis. Sarah had previously been married in England to Thomas Robert Francis, but had left him behind before coming to the United States. Family history records that Francis was fond of drink and ultimately died in the Poor House. Sarah had a daughter of her own, Lucy Ann Francis, who David always regarded as his own daughter. On April 16, 1868, a daughter, Sarah Isabell, was born. Sadly, Sarah Isabell died on June 15th. Sarah Isabell was buried in the Lehi cemetery.
In October of 1868, the family moved to Clarkston in Cache Valley of Utah. David was ordained an Elder that same fall. Upon arriving in Clarkston, David built a two room log house in the Clarkston Fort. In 1870, David moved from the fort and built another two-room log home on the north side of Clarkston near his farm. He raised cows, horses, sheep, pigs, and chickens on their farm.
Buttar home north of Clarkston, Thomas James in front of the house, David Alexander next to the right, then James Joseph, then David, then Emma Jane, Sarah, and Mary
In 1882, David and Sarah built a large, white framed house for the family. The two-story home had a porch on the front, three dormer windows on the second floor facing east, and two dormer windows facing south with a veranda below. It was a large home for the standards at that time. It was a beautiful home that overlooked the farm and had a commanding view of the valley. The first prayer circle in Clarkston was held in an upstairs room of that home, and was kept there for three years and four months before being moved to the new Tithing House. Unfortunately, this beautiful home burned on 11 May 1931.
David became a high priest. He believed in paying an honest tithing, knowing that the Lord keeps his promises by opening the windows of heaven to pour out blessing on all that keep his laws and commandments. This was proved to David in the spring of 1871 when the grasshoppers were so thick that when in flight they darkened the sun. Three times that summer the grasshoppers ate all of David’s grain. When they came the fourth time, with the help of his children, the grasshoppers were driven into ditches where the chickens would devour them. The grasshoppers were so large that the chickens could only eat three or four at a time. David told his family that because he had paid his tithing that the Lord would provide for them. It was then that the seagulls came and began eating the grasshoppers until they could eat no more. When the seagulls had eaten their fill, they would go to the ditch and throw up the grasshoppers and then continue to eat more. Once the grasshoppers were completely devoured, the seagulls flew away. This time the grain grew to maturity and David produced 1,300 bushels of grain – the largest crop he had ever harvested up to that time.
When David first began to farm in Clarkston, he cut his grain with a “cradle”, after a few years he purchased a “dropper” to cut the grain. He hired six men to flail and bind the grain. David would cure his wheat for planting with slack-lime, and he would sow his seeds by hand casting them.
David continued to make shoes for the first few years in Clarkston, but the last shoes he made were for his step-daughter, Lucy Anne, and he purposely made one that was wrong-side-out and stated that “he wouldn’t make any more shoes”, and he never did.
David would mend his harnesses with wooden, maple pegs that were actually intended as tacks to hang shoes on. He planted five to ten acres of potatoes each year. Although for the first few years hay had to be bound by hand, David purchased the first self-binder in Clarkston that bound the hay with wire. Later, he assisted Andrew Heggie and Peter S Barson in buying the first header in Clarkston.
One year the sunflowers had grown so profusely in the wheat that when the threshers came, they refused to thresh it. He made a flail and flailed all the wheat by hand on a wagon cover. After the grain was harvested, David had to haul it some 60 miles (each way) to Corinne or Ogden by team and wagon just to sell it.
During the construction of the Logan Temple, David donated $100 each year until the temple was completed. He did temple work for many of his ancestors in the Logan Temple. He also gave financial assistance to build the old rock meeting house in Clarkston as well as the new chapel that is still standing in Clarkston today (although it has undergone several additions and renovations since then). On 1 June 1882, David received a federal land patent signed by President Chester A. Arthur for approximately 160 acres in Cache County, Utah Territory, formally securing title to his Clarkston farm.
Sarah Keep Buttar
In 1884, David married Sophia Jensen Hansen in plural marriage. He lived in polygamy for 20 years. David and Sophia were later divorced, though David continued to provide for her financially each year until her death in 1909. In 1889, polygamists were advised by the authorities of the Church to give themselves up instead of being hunted down by the law. On the first of June 1889, David gave himself up. Because of his age (67), he was not required to serve the usual six months jail sentence. He paid, instead, a $100 fine and returned home a happy man.
Back (l-r): William Sparks, Hans Jensen, Lucy Ann Francis, Robert Buttar, John Buttar, Daniel Buttar, Elizabeth Buttar, Charles Buttar, Margaret Cutler, Will Sparks; Sitting: Emma Gover, Sarah Buttar, David Buttar, Sarah Keep Buttar, Karen Buttar
On 30 May 1899, David, his wife Sarah, their son Charles and a niece Mary Ann Jenkins, had all attended the Logan Temple. While driving across the Bear River Bridge on their return trip home to Clarkston, the bridge broke and the buggy, horses, and all the people went into the water. Beams and iron from the bridge pinned the occupants in the water. Charles, while trying to free Sarah, saw the Jenkins baby floating downstream and caught its clothing just before it floated under the broken bridge, saving its life. Sarah received a severe blow to the head, cutting a gash in her scalp, knocking out her teeth, and injuring her internally. David’s shoulder was also severely injured. William Bingham and William Thain, who were working in a field nearby, heard the cries for help and came to pull everyone from the river. Bingham then rode to Logan for a doctor. Sarah was taken home to Clarkston unconscious. William Bingham, who had so bravely rescued her and the others, thought that surely she had died and came to Clarkston a few days later to attend her funeral. It would be an understatement to say that he was quite surprised to find no funeral transpiring, as Sarah was alive and well. Sarah did report afterward of having an out-of-body experience during the near-drowning incident and spoke of the beautiful things she witnessed on the other side of the veil.
In 1909, David contributed $200 to President Budge of the Logan Temple. President Budge gratefully said that the donation was an answer to prayers, as money was needed to purchase a new rug (carpet) to replace carpet that had been burned in a recent temple fire. President Budge gave David a priesthood blessing which pleased David greatly. David also stated that he thought that would be his last donation to the temple – and it was. On November 23, 1911, David passed away from eye cancer at the age of 89. He was laid to rest in the Clarkston Cemetery. A beautiful, majestic monument has been erected to his memory at his burial site.
Buttar home on 6 October 1920
Was David a Buttar or Buttars? His christening record prepared by the church has Butter, likely from the mouth of his father. It does not show as plural. When David was married to his first wife, Margaret Spalding, the church recorded his name as David Buttar. Another record, likely created from his own dictation to the individual creating the record. The 1860 Census, probably from someone else’s mouth, has Buttar. But yet, 1870, probably from someone else’s mouth, has Buttars. It goes back and forth. 1910 Census – Buttars. Death certificate for Charles William Buttar – father is David Buttar – Sarah Keep Buttar completed this death certificate information (but Charles’ grave marker has Buttars). The death certificate for his wife, Sarah Keep Buttar – has his name as David Buttars. Alternatively, when he died, Sarah Keep Buttar provided the death certificate information and provided his name as David Buttar. But, when she applied for the Daughters of the Pioneers, she wrote Buttars. Ultimately, some of his siblings and own children used both variations. There are likely other records, but it appears at this time the records created by him in his own life show Buttar. Lastly, when he died, the family listed Buttar on the tombstone (as seen above). But since his christening record (provided by his parents), marriage certificate (provided by him), and his death certificate (provided by his wife) all list Buttar, along with his tombstone, I will go with Buttar for this history.
David has an entry in Pioneers and Prominent Men in Utah.
“Buttar, David (son of Daniel Buttar and Batheah Rattray, born 1788, both of Blairgowrie, Perthshire, Scotland. Born Dec. 2, 1822 at Blairgowrie. Came to Utah November, 1854, Capt. Taylor Company.
“Married Margaret Spalding Dec. 14, 1848, in Scotland (daughter of John Spalding and Marjory Meek Johnson), who was born April 1, 1822, and came to Utah with husband. Their children; Marjory Meek Johnson b. Sep. 16, 1849, m. Henry Mullet December, 1866; m. Joseph J. Harrison 1869; Batheah b. July 15, 1851, m. William Sparks Dec. 15, 1868; David b. November, 1863, d. February, 1854 [sic]; John Spalding b. May 22, 1856, m. Sarah L. Tanner Jan. 1, 1880; Daniel b. Sept. 22, 1858, m. Emma Gover January, 1883; Robert Sutter b. April 6, 1861, m. Mary Godfrey 1891; Margaret b. Aug. 6, 1863, d. infant. Family home Lehi, Utah.
“Married Sarah Keep Dec. 16, 1866, at Lehi (daughter of James Joseph Keep (high priest) and Ann Miller; married July 22, 1836; pioneers Oct. 22, 1866, Abner Lowry company. She was the widow of Thomas Francis, married May 15, 1865, and mother of Lucy Ann Francis, born March 26, 1866, who married Hans Jensen July, 1884). She was born June 28, 1840, Greenham, Berkshire, Eng. Their children: Sarah Isabell Buttar, b. April 16, 1868, d. June 15, 1868; Elizabeth Keep b. June 9, 1869, m. John Loosle Dec. 3, 1891; Charles William b. June 15, 1871, m. Angeline Stuart May 18, 1892; Thomas James b. Oct. 13, 1873, m. Annie Loosle; David Alexander b. Dec. 14, 1876, m. Rose Loosle; James Joseph Keep b. Feb. 26, 1878, m. Agnes Jordan; Mary Janet b. June 30, 1880, m. Louis Thompson; Emma Jane b. Oct. 8, 1882, m. David Thompson. Family home Clarkston, Utah.
“Settled at Clarkston 1868. High priest. Shoemaker; farmer. Died Nov. 23. 1911.
Back (l-r): James Joseph, David Alexander, Emma Jane, Daniel, Mary Janet, Robert Sutter, Lucy Ann, Charles William, Thomas James; Front: Elizabeth, Sarah, David, and John Spalding
The Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah biography gives a good overview of David’s family.
This editorial obituary also provided some insights into David.
“CLARKSTON, Nov. 27 – Never has a departing member of the Clarkston ward had greater honor shown him than that which has been bestowed upon our departed friend and brother, David Buttars; a true and honest man in every relation in life.
“The funeral services, held Sunday afternoon, had a very large attendance, there being relatives and friends from Salt Lake, and from all parts of this county, present, besides the very large neighborhood attendance. Twenty-one members of the ward choir were present, and rendered some fine selections. The floral emblems were numerous and most beautiful. Bishop Ravsten presided. The choir sang, “Farewell all Earthly Honors” and Elder William Griffin of Newton offered the opening prayer. The choir then sang, “Rest For the Weary Soul,” following which the following brethren offered words of praise for the departed, and of hope and condolence to the living: Prest. Roskelley, John E. Griffin of Newton, and C. P. Anderson. The choir then sang: “It is Well With my Soul.” Prest. Skidmore, Elder Burnham and Bishop Ravsten then added their testimony of the worth of the departed; the last named speaker proclaiming the deceased a full tithe payer, a blessing in and to the ward, and a faithful Latter-day Saint. The choir sang “Shall I Receive a Welcome Home.”
“Nearly forty vehicles followed the remains to their last resting place, where Bishop Ravsten dedicated the grave. Six stalwart sons: John, Daniel, Robert, Thomas, David and James, acted as pall-bearers. These, with a loving wife and four daughters, and a host of children and grandchildren are left to mourn his loss.
“Brother Buttars was eighty-nine years old at the time of his death. He was born in Scotland, but had lived in Utah since the year 1854. Following his arrival he lived in Salt Lake for a short time, then moved to Lehi. Leaving Lehi he came to Clarkston of which he was a resident for more than forty years; passing through all the toils and hardships that constituted the lot of our pioneers. He was always in the front rank of progress and helped make Clarkston the desirable place it is today. He was charitable to the poor, and a liberal contributor to missionary, and all other beneficent funds and works. His memory will be kept green at least so long as the present generation lives. Among other good works he officiated in the Logan Temple for more than eleven hundred of his deceased kindred.
Back (l-r): Margaret Priscilla Buttars, George Alfred Sparks, David Sparks, (photo of James & Ann Keep), Thomas James Buttars, David Alexander Buttars, James Joseph Buttars, Mary Janet Buttars; Front: Rachel Betheah Buttars, Margaret Sarah Buttars, Daniel David Buttars, Melvin Henry Buttars, David William Buttars, Thomas Hans Jensen, and Emma Jane Buttars
David and Sarah Keep were married 16 December 1866 in Lehi, Utah. David and Sarah received their endowments in the Salt Lake City Endowment House on 14 December 1868. David and Margaret, and David and Sarah were also sealed the same day in the Endowment House. I am not clear if Margaret was initially endowed on 14 December 1868 and the record was lost, but the work is officially shown as completed for Margaret on 5 June 1884 in the Logan Temple. David married Karen Sophia Jensen 11 June 1884 in Logan, Cache, Utah at the Temple.
Handwritten biography of David Buttar by Sarah Buttar after his passing
Handwritten biography of David Buttar by Sarah Buttar after his passing
This biography added some other interesting insights, particularly of his death. Sounds like a painful process, even if the final passing was like going to sleep.
Buttar home, Thomas, Elizabeth, Sarah, David Alexander, Mary, James Joseph, Emma Jane, David, and unknown
“A sketch of Sarah Keep Buttars life up to the age of 82 which I Sarah write myself, I was born the 28th of June 1840 at Stroudgreen, Greenham, Berkshire, England. Daughter of James Joseph Keep and Ann Miller Keep.
“I was christened in the Church of England, and learned all the Collicks, Hymns, Prayers and Chants, I can yet repeat some of them. I was naturally religious and when eight years of age the Elders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints came and stood outside my Fathers gate and preached. My Mother was brought up a staunch Baptist and my Father belonged to the Church of England. Mother didn’t understand the teachings of the Elders as soon as my Father did. One Sunday Morning the Elders came to preach in front of our house and Father took a bench out for all to sit on. Father believed in their teachings and one Sunday morning, 23 July 1848, he crept out of bed and was baptized without any of us knowing it. When he came back mother knew he had been baptized, and came upstairs and told us children to call out “You have been by the Latter Day Saints haven’t you?” Father told Mother if she would go to the Latter Day Saints Church with him he would go to the Baptist Chapel with her sometimes.
“One day they were too late for the Baptist meeting and Father ask Mother to go the Latter Day Saint meeting, and she went with him and soon after she joined the church. After joining the Church they lost everything, their home, and five other houses they owned. Then they had to pay rent, after this the Elders came to our house and held their meetings. Then I was baptize the date being February 1849 the ice was broken for me. I had to walk home on and one half miles under Mother’s cloak in my wet clothes, because the mob was calling my Father, “Curley Keep”, the Latter Day Devil to let a little girl like me be dipped.
“In 1850 we all had the smallpox, my eldest brother James Joseph Keep died from smallpox 25 February 1850, my Mother was also very sick with the smallpox.
“We were very poor and when my baby sister Harriet was born the 8th of March 1850, my Mother had a cancer in her breast and Father wanted to get a Doctor, but Mother wanted the Elders, so my sister and I went for the Elders, they administered to her and anointed her breast and the cancer went away, and she was never bothered with it again, this strengthened my faith in the gospel and I became more religious and what I learned I did not forget. I was taught to learn and repeat verses of the Bible when in Sunday School and at home. As I grew older I traveled much with my Father and his companion. When they went out preaching in the open air I was always anxious to go, and they said I could go if I could sing for them which I did. People gathered to listen to their teachings and many joined the church. My Father and his companion and I suffered many persecutions but the Lord preserved us from our enemies.
“At the age of thirteen I went to London with my father and his companion I sang in the streets of London, we were often told by the police to move on.
“At the age of eighteen I was self willed, and thought about marriage, my Father told us older girls not to get married until we came to the New Valley. Although I had great desire to get to the valley, thinking it would be “Heaven on Earth” yet I thought I would please myself. At this time I had a dream and was shown the route to the valley. The American Elders said when I related it to them that it was truly the route to the valley, in the dream I saw high mountains and the plains, and as I passed on walking I came to a beautiful green meadow, and I heard Heavenly Music and Singing. I saw on the top of the high mountain a very elderly looking man and he was dressed in a long robe, his beard and hair was long and white, he was winding some silver piping on top of the mountain, the sun shown on him so bright that it dazzled my eyes and just at that time a woman passed by me, then I saw a gate leading into the meadow, and there was a gatekeeper, the woman went up to the gate he told her she would have to have her blessing before she could go through, he beckoned to the man on the top of the mountain and he came down and gave her a wonderful blessing he beckoned to the man again and he came and laid his hands on my head and told me to honor my father and my Mother that my days may be long up on the land which the Lord they giveth thee, he said go thy ways and obey they parents in all things. I didn’t think I had as good of a blessing as the woman that passed through before me and when the gate keeper said you can now go into the meadow I said, “I do not want to, for he did not give me as good of a blessing as that woman had, and I did not want to go in.”
“He said, “You had what you deserved,” then I went back and I saw a house where there was dancing and I could hear music, I thought I heard my sister’s voice, and I went up to the door, there were two door keepers, and they gave me a push and said, “You can’t come in here,” I fell down the steps, when I got up I turned to the meadow again and I sat down and cried bitterly, when I awoke my pillow was very wet, I saw that I was going to do something wrong and afterward I knew what it was.
“At the age of twenty five I married against my Father’s and Mother’s wishes and they didn’t know it for six weeks, then to my sorrow I found that my husband had just joined to church to get me, for my Father said I should not marry anyone out of the church, this was his council and I disobeyed him. When I was married my husband told me that it was once my day but now it was his day, he let me know it at a later time.
“In 1866 my Father and Mother were going to the Valley, and I could not go, my husband said if I went to see my Father off he would push me overboard, but the Lord helped me. My Mother and Father told me if I would go with them and leave my husband they would pay me for it, I could see I would never get there the way my husband was acting so I gave my word to go. I left him although it was very hard to part. I kept my word and obeyed my parents, and like in my dream I shed many tears, I did not tell my husband that I was going and he seemed kinder that day then ever before, which made it more hard for me to endure, but I prepared everything as though I was going back home that night, he ask if he should come for me and carry the baby, I said no it might be late when my Aunt leaves, and I may stay at Mother’s all night.
“The next morning finding I did not go home he went to Mother’s and not finding me there he sent a man dressed in pilots clothes to the ship to find me, he questioned me as to where I was going with such a young baby and at that I hardly told him, when he said are going alone, my Mother said “NO” for I was going with my Father and my Brother-in-law, meaning my sister’s husband, he said “OH” and up the companion ladder, I told Mother I was afraid my Husband would come, I passed my baby over to the other side of the ship, I got into the berth of a young couple that had a feather bed in one corner and I crept down behind it. Three policeman came and looked in every berth and did not see me, they were after two apprentices, and four more sisters, and one brother that were leaving husband and wives, they never got any of us, but the two apprentices went back.
“We set sail 23 May 1866 on the American Congress. When at sea we were tossed about and nearly all become seasick. I was blessed by having only three days of seasickness, Father and Mother and my two younger sisters were very sick and my baby caught the whooping cough, having caught cold by being passed about when the policemen were after me. The Lord spared her life and she got well.
“The cook’s cabin took fire, and a little time after the sea was so rough our main mast broke, and the sail went into the sea, next day they fixed the mast, we had a calm and the ship did not move back or forward, but rocked about. We had a Concert on the top deck and enjoyed ourselves. We had heavy fog very often so bad the Captain could not see where we were going, Brother Rider, the President’s counsel was talking to the Captain on the quarter deck and saw the fog lift up he said “What is that?” It was the breakers he saw, but the Captain did not answered, he sprang to the wheel and called, “About ship all hands to the Riggins,” soon the danger was over and the Captain said that in a short time all would have had a watery grave if the fog had not lifted, we were saved by providence.
“When we were on the river the boat took fire, and they carried large fiery sticks past the foot of my bed and threw them in the water.
“We landed in New York the 4th of July 1866, we anchored and saw many beautiful fire works, a ship was set on fire on the sea and with flames coming out of its many windows it was a great sight. Next day we went on the pier and then came another task, we had to pass a man that read our names off when we came to my name, as I was called Sarah Keep, and child, he said “Stop!” Where is your husband, and how do you know he is not here? “Stand Back!” he shouted, I stood back and all the young men passed, my old friend, Will Penny, came and ask me what was the matter, I told him and he told me to come with him and they would not know who he was, I went with him and all was well. We stayed in New York three weeks. My sister Lucy’s baby was born there, then came another task, my Father did not have enough money to take me on to the valley, I sold my wedding ring to buy my baby a pair of shoes, and a hat, and also to pay for an advertisement. I advertised to be a wet nurse, my Mother was to take my baby on to Zion, and I would follow. I went to the office and engaged at twenty dollars a month, when I was returned home I met my Father, he said he had been to the office of Brother Bullock and Thomas Taylor who was looking after the emigrant companies and they told him not to leave me there in a strange land if I had left my husband for the gospel, and as my Father didn’t have the money they said the church would take me and I could pay it back when I got to Zion and I had the money to do so. Father decided I could go on with him if I wanted to, but I thought I could save enough to pay my own way, I was very glad when it was time for the boat to leave. When we were on the train the wheels caught fire and we were pushed into another car as if we were sheep, for we were just emigrants.
“While crossing the plains with oxen teams the Cholera broke out, and about seventy one died, many were buried in a quilt or sheets, the wolves would howl around at night, and perhaps dig up the dead that were buried.
“One night about twenty five or thirty Indians came to camp, they were on the war path, it frightened us very much, for we were afraid we would surely be killed, they had scalps of women’s long hair hanging from their tomahawks, and their belts were filled with arrows and bows in their hands, they had a letter which they gave to the Captain to read, he called, is there anyone in camp who can read the Indian language, a young sister by the name of Emma who had left her husband and two little girls said “I can read the Indian Language.” She had learned to read it when her husband was a soldier, and he had taught her to read it, she read the letter, and was pleased the Indians, the Captain pitched a tent inside the ring of wagons, and fed them they sang all night, and followed us all the next day calling “We Want White Women,” at last they left us.
“When traveling the Captain would take my baby on his horse, and tell me to walk on, and the teamsters would pick me up, and take me in their wagon and they would ride on the tongue of the wagon, they would tell me to sing to them and they would walk rather than see me walk as I had sore feet. I used to wash my baby’s clothes in the streams when we camped, and the teamsters would tell me to dry my clothes by the fire, they let me bake my bread in the skillet after their baking was done. Sometimes I had only bread or small piece of bacon to nurse my baby on.
“I am thankful I am here, and I have learned what I came here for, I can say I do know that the Lord has been with me and give me more than I deserve, but he has promised “He that leaves Father and Mother, Husband or Wife for the gospel, shall receive a Hundred Fold.” I can now see there was work for me to do for the dead and the Lord has blessed and preserved my life many times to do this work. I am very thankful to him for it.
“I traveled first with Father and Mother, and two Sisters in Pratt’s Company, then Captain Inkley came to bring the sick in, and I came with his company I left my parents, and arrived in Salt Lake City at conference, the fifth or sixth of October 1866. In two weeks I hired out to a sister’s home to nurse her as she was sick. I got a cold in my eyes, and it was so terrible that I went to my sister Mary’s in Lehi until they were better. Brother David Buttars came there on business and told me he knew what would cure my eyes if I would do it. He told me Brother Brigham Young’s remedy. Was to dig down a little over a foot deep in the soil mold the soil and lay it on my eyes at night in a fine cloth, I did it and it healed my eyes in a week.
“Mr. Buttars came again and asked my sister and I to his daughter Marjory’s Wedding Supper. I went and when I was going home he wanted to go with me and carry the baby, he did so, and that night he ask me to become his wife, that was the pay he wanted for telling me what would cure my eyes, in less than three weeks we were married in my sister’s house by the Bishop’s counselor in Lehi, I was twenty six years old and had one child, and David was forty four and had five children. Sixteen months later I had my first baby girl, Sarah Isabelle two months later 15 Jun 1868 she died and was buried in the garden until David came home, then she had been dead eight days, David and I buried her ourselves in the graveyard at Lehi Utah.
“My husband had been to Clarkston to buy us a home, this was in June 1868, and in October 1868, we moved to Clarkston, Utah.
“That fall the grasshoppers were so bad that we cut up cow skin and made a rope which three of us dragged up and down the garden in order to make the grasshopper fly away, and keep them from cutting the grain. There were so many grasshoppers that when they were flying they would darken the sun.
“When we were on our way to Clarkston, we were just crossing the mountain top, and the tongue of the wagon broke, the horses and the cattle went off and were lost for five days travel time, during this time the mail coach with President John Taylor passed us and nearly tipped over, because we could not get out of the way, we started again for Clarkston and arrived at the end of October 1868, and I have lived here since.
“I was the first milliner in Clarkston, I made Straw hats, and straw braid, and straw trimmings for the hats. In 1869 my third daughter was born. Two more years we fought the grasshopper and crickets. In 1871 there were seven crowds of crickets and three crowds of grasshoppers that came and ate everything up. On the 15th of June 1871 my first boy, Charles, was born, and eight days after on the 23 of June 1871 the seagulls came and ate all the grasshoppers and crickets.
Baby quilt made by Sarah Buttar
“I joined the Female society in 1869 at Clarkston, and was a teacher for many years. I was the President of the Primary for six years, and a teacher for about eighteen years. The first Prayer circle in Clarkston was in my home, I was very much delighted and it was kept there for three years and four months. Then it was moved to the New Tithing house. I was married to my husband David Buttars 16th December 1866 and was sealed to him in the Endowment House in Salt Lake City, Utah 14 December 1868.
Clarkston Ward Sisters: Annie Heggie, Marie Anderson, Sarah Buttar, Jane Godfrey, Hannah Thompson, Elizabeth Loosle
“In 1884 my husband took another wife. We lived in that Celestial order for twenty three years. I have worked in the Salt Lake Temple, and the Logan Temple for the dead. I have worked and paid for about two thousand names. I have had my second Endowments many years ago. I have seen and talked to Martin Harris, one of the three witnesses, who is buried in the Clarkston Cemetery, I am a member of the Camp of Daughter’s of pioneers named in his honor, I have planted flowers on his grave.
“I have been near drowning two or three times. Once on the ship and twice in America, once when I was crossing the Bear River Bridge with my husband and relatives, we were returning from doing temple work, the bridge broke and we all went into the river, I was laid upon the river bank for dead, being crushed with the broken timber, I regained my consciousness, that was on the 30th of May 1899.
“I have had nine children five girls and four boys, three are dead at the present time, Eight of them are married and have families of their own. I am now Eighty two years old. I am writing this in March 1923.
“Sarah Keep Buttars died 7 October 1935 at the age of ninety five. She was active until a few days before her death. She attended the Cache County Fair in September 1935 and won a prize for her Fancy Hand Work and the honor of being the oldest pioneer in Cache Valley attending the fair.
The Heyburn Citizens group received some photos from a Rose Pederson in Vancouver, Washington. These were given to the City of Heyburn. I took the opportunity to scan them and make them available more widely.
Burley Idaho Feb. 1920 – Mr. E. Bowman – Jossie & Flossy (Bays) – Walt Gill
I was able to track down Walter Arthur Gill fairly easily. Walter Arthur Gill born 19 July 1889 in St. Edward, Boone, Nebraska. The 1900 Census has him with his family still in St. Edward. The 1910 Census has him in Heyburn, living with his parents. His brother, Amos, is living next door with his family.
This letter from 1911 indicates he was now the owner of some real estate in Heyburn, Idaho.
This letter indicates his homestead application is allowed in Section 14, Township 10 South, Range 23 East. This would put this farm east of Heyburn’s A Street (400 West), west of 300 West, south of 400 South, and north of 500 South. Nothing on the 1910 census tells me exactly where they were living, but I don’t know that was where he homesteaded either.
Walt Gill (holding son Art Gill – born in 1922), Eva Lenore Anderson (from Edith’s prior marriage), Edith Marion Howell Gill, Amy Jane Hall Gill
Walt is the son of Arthur Erwin Gill (1854 – 1923) and Amy Jane Hall Gill (1858 – 1935). He married Dolly Genevera Baily (1891 – 1966) on 11 January 1911 in Albion, Cassia, Idaho. I do not see any children and do not know how that marriage ended.
He married Edith Marion Howell (1899 – 1940) on 19 July 1921 in Rupert, Minidoka, Idaho. The 1920 Census does not provide where he lives, but Dolly is not with him. Ralph Arthur Gill was born 4 April 1922 in Jarbridge, Elko, Nevada. Aimee Jean Gill was born 21 January 1924 in Idaho (not clear where).
Mr. E Bowman – Walt Gill
I cannot tell how long he was on the homestead he claimed. It doesn’t seem to have been very long.
Burley Idaho – Feb. 1920 – Anona Gill on Flossy – Lady & Rock (Blacks) – Walt Gill
Anona Gill (1912 – 1974) is his niece, daughter of Amos Hiram Gill (1881 – 1940) and Jane A Vizzard (1881 – 1953).
Edith remarried to Robert Earl Taylor (1894 – 1953) on 27 January 1931 in Elko, Elko, Nevada.
The 1930 Census has Walt living in Inyo County, California. He appears to be in or around Bishop, Inyo, California for the 1940 Census and reports he was also living there in 1935. The obituary for his mother lists him as living in Taft, Kern, California in 1935. When he registered for the draft in 1942, he was living in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. He remarried to a Jessie Opal Shafer, nee Fowler, in California. She was using the Gill name for the 1940 Census, so likely married before then.
Nancy – Sis & Joy (Bays) – Walt Gill
I don’t know what Nancy is as referenced as a name on the photo. Maybe that is her shadow on the horse?
Walter died 13 February 1943 in Hollywood. He is buried in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery.
I received a letter from a first cousin, twice removed this past week. I was pretty excited about the letter and appreciate her thinking of me. Alice Coley Miller, daughter of Lloyd and Verda Coley. Lloyd is the brother to my Lillian Coley Jonas. The card and letter speak for themselves. As time passes, many of these types of documents are likely just trashed. This letter was somewhat difficult to type up and be loyal to what Great Grandma Lillian wrote. Having said that, I have made a number of corrections in brackets to be more accurate than what she had at the time of writing. The modern miracle of the internet, crowd-sourcing, and FamilySearch have completely changed this clunky process that Alice, Veda, and Lillian were engaged. I hope Great Grandma Bowcutt doesn’t mind my sharing her handwriting and grammar. I also linked the other pages and photos I have on this family, so you can go to those links to read the full information and histories that I have previously written.
February 26
Dear Paul
I have moved from Brooklyn, New York to Bountiful, UT. In going through stuff I found this letter written to me by your great grandmother Lillian Bowcutt (Jonas). Since it’s in her handwriting I thought you might like to have it.
I appreciate all the genealogical information you are gathering and that names on the Coley line are coming up for temple work to be done.
Enjoy the coming spring.
Alice Coley Miller
Mrs. Frank W. Miller, 1050 East 31 Street, Brooklyn, New York 11210.
Lillian Bowcutt, Box 312, Richmond, Utah 84333
Richmond UT, Febr. 6, 1976
Dear Alice Husband + family
Just haven’t been able to write and tell about the Coleys you see I haven’t been able to get much either. But aunt Veda has a lot she said write her and see if she can help you. I’ll send you what I have about them.
These are photos shared to me of Victoria “Vicki” Kay Feldtman Ross. I don’t know anything more than what I have listed on the photos. I believe she graduated from Weber High School in 1963, or would have graduated. She married Dad, Milo Paul Ross, 5 March 1963 in Ogden, Weber, Utah. She was born 23 December 1945 in Ontario, Malheur, Oregon and passed away 31 December 2018 in Twin Falls, Twin Falls, Idaho.
4th Grade Ms. Morby, Vicki is back row, fourth from the right
Vicki is middle row, sixth from the right
Mixed Chorus: Back row (l-r): Robert Grieves, Arnold Burr, Deon Mayhew, Bill Fife, Bob Findess, Tommy Bartow, Ronald West, Jay Holley, Rex Judkins, Lynn Gould, James Petterson; Third row: Dee Bradshaw, Doug Giles, Dan Thompson, Blair Hadley, Dave Vesnieuw, Deloy Bentley, Doug Cheshire, Kenneth Groberg, Roger Bingham, Alan Cox, Kent Cevering; Second row: Adele Buff, Tamara Houston, Linda Perkins, Mary Carver, Betty Leach, Jolene Anderson, Carol Johnson, Linda Mapes, KayLynn Peterson, Linda Neilson, June Thompson, Carol Wheeler, Betty Yoshida, Linda Taylor, Judith Jensen; Front row: Jane Meldrum, Virginia Parker, Joyce Gunnerson, Susan Martinson, Donna Marchant, Linda Wells, Carolyn Kingston, Jelene Flinders, Vicki Feldtman, Annette Maw, Lynda Panunzio, Kay Ohlson, SheriLyn Gibson
These names are taken from the back of the photo. Please correct if you think I have them wrong.