If They Will But Serve the God of the Land

This is the year of the Semiquincentennial of the United States of America. I have wondered multiple times about this moment in time. I am fortunate to be alive to experience this year. I have heard others tell of their experiences with the Bicentennial and what a special occasion it was. I don’t recall reading much of the 1926, 1876, or 1826 celebrations. Although I know there were some in 1826, as there are references to them especially trying to get Thomas Jefferson and John Adams to attend events for that occasion.

Massachusetts State House – April 2026

From all I have read and reviewed for this year, I have a profound sense of achievement and pride in how these things have come to be and how we mostly still are as we should be. I feel that much since Independence has also been inspired. Earlier this year, I was fortunate to go to Boston. For the Semiquincentennial, I was excited. In the evenings after classes, I would walk all over Boston, with friends, to see the sights.

It is with that, I share this address from the April 1976 General Conference. This was given by N. Eldon Tanner for the Bicentennial. What he spoke of on that date seems as timeless as it fully applies even today. He took his title from the Book of Ether, given to the Jaredites as they first reached this continent:

“Behold, this is a choice land, and whatsoever nation shall possess it shall be free from bondage, and from captivity, and from all other nations under heaven, if they will but serve the God of the land, who is Jesus Christ.” (Ether 2:12)

“This being the first general conference in the bicentennial year of the United States of America, I have been doing much pondering and contemplating of this event as it relates to the gospel and the great plan of life and salvation. We are all reading and hearing much concerning the events connected with the founding of this country, and with the modern devices available to us today, the news media reach throughout the world, and we are all aware of our interrelationship with one another’s countries.

“We would expect every man to be loyal to his native land—the land in which he was born, the land in which he lives, works, and rears his family. I think of the words of Sir Walter Scott in “The Lay of the Last Minstrel”:

“Breathes there the man, with soul so dead,

“Who never to himself hath said,

“This is my own, my native land!

“Whose heart hath ne’er within him burn’d

“As home his footsteps he hath turn’d

“From wandering on a foreign strand!

Old State House – Boston – April 2026

“During the last few weeks I, with President Kimball and others of the official party, have had the privilege of attending area conferences in New Zealand, Australia, and the beautiful islands of the South Seas. New Zealand claims to be a choice land and favored by the Lord, and the night before we left Tahiti, one of the Brethren said, “Well, tomorrow we will be driven out of the Garden of Eden.”

“We were most favorably impressed by the beauties of the countries wherever we went. Sister Tanner said, “We surely live in a beautiful world.” Yes, all countries are greatly blessed by the Lord, and each is uniquely different in its beauties, its people, customs, and traditions.

“Today, however, I should like to confine my remarks to a discussion concerning the Western Hemisphere, and particularly to the United States of America, and to point out the destiny of America in the Lord’s eternal plan. The discovery of the Americas was not an accident. The event had been foreordained in the eternal councils. The prophets of old had it in view. Jacob foresaw it when he blessed his son Joseph, calling him “a fruitful bough by a well, whose branches run over the wall … unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills.” (Gen 49:22, 26.)

“Moses too made promises to the tribe of Joseph, whose land, America, was to be precious for the things of heaven and of earth, and who would “push the people together to the ends of the earth.” (See Deut 33:13-17.) These are just some of the biblical prophecies, and we have the Book of Mormon record which tells of the Jaredites who were the first to come to America. They came at the time of the confusion of languages during the building of the tower of Babel.

“Just as Noah was directed, these people too were instructed to build ships to carry them on the waters. When all was in readiness, they boarded their vessels and “set forth into the sea, commending themselves unto the Lord their God.” (Ether 6:4.)

“The account states, “And when they had set their feet upon the shores of the promised land they bowed themselves down upon the face of the land, and did humble themselves before the Lord, and did shed tears of joy before the Lord, because of the multitude of his tender mercies over them.” (Ether 6:12.)

“Then, six hundred years before the birth of Christ, a prophet by the name of Lehi, who had been crying repentance unto the inhabitants of Jerusalem, was commanded by the Lord to depart with his family into the wilderness. Because of the things which he had testified concerning the wickedness of the people and the pending destruction of Jerusalem, he was mocked and scorned, and the people sought to take his life. In obedience to the Lord’s instructions, he departed with his family and others, and after a period in the wilderness, they too were instructed to build a ship and sail for the promised land. We read, “And it came to pass that after we had sailed for the space of many days we did arrive at the promised land; and we went forth upon the land, and did pitch our tents; and we did call it the promised land.” (1 Ne. 18:23.)

“While in the wilderness Nephi, the son of Lehi, was permitted to see in vision the things that would transpire concerning the destiny of America—the promised land. He said, “And I looked and beheld a man among the Gentiles, who was separated from the seed of my brethren by the many waters; and I beheld the Spirit of God, that it came down and wrought upon the man; and he went forth upon the many waters, even unto the seed of my brethren, who were in the promised land.” (1 Ne. 13:12.)

“This, as we know, refers to Christopher Columbus, who was impelled by the Spirit of God to cross the ocean for the rediscovery of America, thus assisting in the furthering of God’s purposes.

“Columbus himself, in a letter to the Spanish hierarchy, wrote, “Our Lord unlocked my mind, sent me upon the sea, and gave me fire for the deed. Those who heard of my emprise called it foolish, mocked me, and laughed. But who can doubt but that the Holy Ghost inspired me?” (Quoted in Mark E. Petersen, The Great Prologue, Deseret Book Co., 1975, p. 26.)

“During the voyage, after weeks of sailing with no sign of land, mutiny raised its head. Finally, Columbus promised the captains of the Pinta and the Niña, both of whom wanted to turn back, that if no land was sighted in forty-eight hours, they would turn back. Then he went to his cabin and, in his words, “prayed mightily to the Lord.” On October 12, the very next day, they sighted land.

“Nephi saw in vision also the coming of the Pilgrims, who came to escape religious persecution. He foresaw the coming to America of peoples from many nations, their wars and contentions. As Nephi said, they did humble themselves before the Lord and “the power of God was with them, and also that the wrath of God was upon all those that were gathered together against them to battle.

““And I, Nephi, beheld that the Gentiles that had gone out of captivity were delivered by the power of God out of the hands of all other nations.” (1 Ne. 13:18-19.)

“Thus the American colonies attained their independence and set up the government of the United States, all under the divine intervention of God in preparing this land for its divine destiny.

“At this point we pay tribute to those great men who accepted and met the great challenge to establish a constitution for the government of this so-called new land. That this too was divinely inspired is attested by the word of the Lord when he said, “According to the laws and constitution of the people, which I have suffered to be established, and should be maintained for the rights and protection of all flesh, according to just and holy principles;

““That every man may act in doctrine and principle pertaining to futurity, according to the moral agency which I have given unto him, that every man may be accountable for his own sins in the day of judgment.

““Therefore, it is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another.

““And for this purpose have I established the Constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shedding of blood.” (D&C 101:77-80.)

Old North Church – Boston – April 2026

“No constitution on earth has endured longer than this one. We seek, and usually find, the answers to today’s questions in this document of yesterday. It was and is a miracle. Both Washington and Madison referred to it as such. It is an inspired document written under the guidance of the Lord. James Madison, commonly called the father of the Constitution, recognized this inspiration and gave the credit to “the guardianship and guidance of the Almighty Being whose power regulates the destiny of nations, whose blessings have been so conspicuously dispensed to this rising republic.” (Petersen, Prologue, p. 95.)

“We believe that the Constitution was brought about by God to ensure a nation where liberty could abound and where his gospel could flourish. Joseph Smith said, “The Constitution of the United States is a glorious standard—it is founded in the wisdom of God—it is a heavenly banner.” (Petersen, Prologue, p. 75.)

“Among other things, the Constitution guaranteed the religious freedom that allowed the Reformation to continue and flourish. Many of these great reformers stated that their effort was to reassert the basic Christian teachings of the Bible—but they acknowledged that they possessed no authority to administer the ordinances of the Church, or to reestablish the original church of Jesus Christ. Luther said, “Christianity has ceased to exist among those who should have preserved it.”

“Roger Williams, founder of the Baptist Church in America, said, “There is no regularly constituted church on earth, nor any person qualified to administer any church ordinances.” (LeGrand Richards, A Marvelous Work and a Wonder, Deseret Book Co., 1973, p. 29.)

“We believe that both freedom and the continuing reformation that flourished here occurred in preparation for a restoration from heaven of the full gospel of Jesus Christ. That restoration began in the United States of America in the 1820s through the instrumentality of the Prophet Joseph Smith, who was chosen by the Lord and who, through personal manifestations from heavenly messengers, received pertinent records which contained the authentic record of early American peoples and God’s dealings with them. He received the priesthood and authority to reestablish the church of Jesus Christ in these latter days.

Paul Ross and Paul Revere statue – Boston – Old North Church in background – April 2026

“At the time of this restoration, God the Father and his Son Jesus Christ actually appeared to Joseph Smith, as they had appeared to leaders of previous dispensations. They announced to him that Christ’s church would be reestablished upon the earth, with a restoration of the same principles and ordinances and organization which existed in the primitive church, from which there had been an apostasy as documented by irrefutable evidence. This restoration was the greatest event in the history of mankind since the birth, death, and resurrection of our Savior, Jesus Christ.

“Significantly, the early Americans to whom we have referred were aware of the birth, death, and resurrection of the Savior because they saw the same signs and wonders as those in the Old World foretelling the coming of the Lord, his life, mission, and subsequent death and resurrection.

“Referring to these same early Americans, the Lord said, as recorded in the New Testament, “And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold, and one shepherd.” (1 John 10:16.)

“In the Book of Mormon we have a beautiful account of Christ’s visit to these “other sheep” following his resurrection, when they heard his voice and recognized him as he showed the nail prints in his hands and feet. We know these were the “other sheep” because he said, “Ye are they of whom I said: Other sheep I have which are not of this fold.” (3 Ne. 15:21.) He taught them the gospel. He instituted the sacrament and ordained disciples. He gave authority to confer the Holy Ghost, healed the sick, and blessed the little children. He prayed unto the Father for them.

“We read, “The eye hath never seen, neither hath the ear heard, before, so great and marvelous things as we saw and heard Jesus speak unto the Father;

““… and no one can conceive of the joy which filled our souls at the time we heard him pray for us unto the Father.” (3 Ne. 17:16-17.)

“Now, what of America’s future? How can we best show our appreciation to God for these marvelous blessings of freedom, of a place where his true and everlasting gospel was restored, of the preparation and divine guidance in every event leading to that most significant event? We must remember what the Lord told the Jaredites when they were first brought to this land: “Behold, this is a choice land, and whatsoever nation shall possess it shall be free from bondage, and from captivity, and from all other nations under heaven, if they will but serve the God of the land, who is Jesus Christ, who hath been manifested by the things which we have written.” (Ether 2:12; italics added.)

“Many years ago in a volume entitled Beacon Lights of History, Dr. John Lord, referring to the discovery of America, said, after speaking of her great potential, “The world has witnessed many powerful empires which have passed away and left ‘not a track behind.’ What remains of the antediluvian world? … What remains of Nineveh, of Babylon, of Thebes, of Tyre, of Carthage—those great centers of wealth and power? What remains of Roman greatness even, except in laws and literature and renovated statues? … What is the simple story of all the ages?—industry, wealth, corruption, decay, and ruin. What conservative power has been strong enough to arrest the ruin of the nations of antiquity?

““Now if this is to be the destiny of America—an unbounded material growth, followed by corruption and ruin—then Columbus has simply extended the realm for men to try material experiments. Make New York a second Carthage, and Boston a second Athens, and Philadelphia a second Antioch, and Washington a second Rome, and we simply repeat the old experiments.

““But has America no higher destiny than to repeat the old experiments and improve upon them and become rich and powerful? Has she no higher and nobler mission? If America has a great mission to declare and to fulfil, she must put forth altogether new forces, and these not material. And these alone will save her and save the world. … The real glory of America is to be something entirely different from that of which the ancients boasted. And this is to be moral and spiritual—that which the ancients lacked.”

“We are all a part of America’s future. Our job is to learn and benefit from the past and to go forward in righteousness, keeping the commandments of God. In this connection the prophet Lehi said, “Wherefore, this land is consecrated unto him whom he shall bring. And if it so be that they shall serve him according to the commandments which he hath given, it shall be a land of liberty unto them; wherefore, they shall never be brought down into captivity; if so, it shall be because of iniquity; for if iniquity shall abound cursed shall be the land for their sakes, but unto the righteous it shall be blessed forever.” (2 Ne. 1:7.)

“As we pray daily to God for guidance, we should all make the same plea as George Washington did in his prayer for our country:

““Almighty God, who has given us this good land for our heritage, we humbly beseech Thee that we may always prove ourselves a people mindful of Thy favor and glad to do Thy will.

““Bless our land with honorable industry, sound learning and pure manners.

““Save us from violence, discord and confusion; from pride and arrogancy, and from every evil way.

““Defend our liberties, and fashion into one united people the multitudes brought out of many kindreds and tongues.

““Endue with the spirit of wisdom those whom in Thy name we entrust the authority of government, that there may be peace and justice at home, and that through obedience to Thy law, we may show forth Thy praise among the nations of the earth.

““In the time of prosperity, fill our hearts with thankfulness, and in the day of trouble, suffer not our trust in Thee to fail.

““All of which we ask through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.”

“We encourage our people to be good, loyal, law-abiding citizens. “We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law.” (A of F 1:12.)

William Prescott statue – Bunker Hill Monument – April 2026

“Also, it is our duty to seek diligently for and support and uphold good, honest, honorable, and wise representatives to govern us. Let me reiterate the message left with the Saints nearly sixty years ago at the general conference in April 1917 when Elder Anthony W. Ivins, after discussing religious liberty and the Constitution, said, “I feel authorized to say, here this afternoon, that these liberties which have come to men, both religious and civil, have not been established by the Lord to be destroyed, but that they are here to remain until liberty shall prevail from the rivers to the ends of the earth, until God’s kingdom shall be established among men, and his will done upon earth as it is done in heaven. Until the universal Fatherhood of God, and brotherhood of man shall be recognized, and the kingdoms of this world become the kingdoms of Christ, who shall reign as Prince of Peace.” (Conference Reports, April 1917, pp. 54–55.)

“And I bear testimony that The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the kingdom of God here upon the earth, with the Lord directing the work through our prophet, President Spencer W. Kimball. May I urge everyone everywhere to help bring to pass righteousness, in whatever country you may reside, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the gospel. If you are active members of the Church you will know what they are. If you are not, may I invite you to avail yourselves of the opportunity to investigate and gain a knowledge and testimony for yourselves that the gospel in its fulness has been restored, with the authority to administer the ordinances thereof, and is here upon the earth.

“Only as we accept and live the teachings of the gospel can the destiny which God planned for America be realized and the world united in peace and brotherhood. That this may speedily come to pass I humbly pray in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen.

Union Oyster House – Boston – April 2026
Oysters at Union Oyster House – Boston – April 2026 – Holly Sutherland – Tecla Druffel

The Amazon, 126 Company

I thought it would be important to share the story of one of the ships that traveled to America in 1863. Among the millions of family history records preserved of the LDS western migration is an entry for one family among the thousands who sailed for Zion that year.

William Stoker and children:
Thomas
Alice
Janet
Alfred
Mary A.
Sailed on the Amazon.

On 4 June 1863, the Amazon, a packet ship departed London with 895 Latter-day Saint emigrants, the 126 Company. William Edward Stoker, a journeyman saddler born in Crateford, Staffordshire, England, was 36 years old. His wife, Emma Eames Stoker, had died of tuberculosis just five weeks earlier, on 28 April 1863, at their home at 18 Albert Street, St. Mary’s Parish, Reading, Berkshire. Their youngest child, Mary Ann, had been born on 24 February 1863. Emma had lived only two months after her daughter’s birth. William boarded the Amazon as a widower with five children, the youngest not yet four months old.

William Edward Stoker

That infant, Mary Ann Stoker, later raised by an adopted family and known all her life as Lillie, grew up in Utah. She was raised by George and Victorine Musgrave of Plain City, and married Milo Riley Sharp on 11 May 1879 in the Episcopal Church in Plain City, Weber County, Utah. She is my 2nd great grandmother. William Edward Stoker is my 3rd great grandfather.

The Voyage

The Millennial Star, the official publication of the LDS Church’s British Mission, reported the Amazon’s departure as follows:

“The splendid packet ship “Amazon,” Captain H.K. Hevey, sailed from London, England June 4, 1863, with a company of 895 souls of Saints on board, under the presidency of Elder Wm. Bramwell, who acted with Elder Edward L. Sloan and Richard Palmer as counselors.

“On the 3rd the company passed the government emigration officer, who eulogized the order and general appearance of the emigrants. After this President George Q. Cannon, accompanied by other Elders from various parts of the British Mission, held a meeting in which the organization took place the officers of the ship. The cabin passengers and visitors on board listened with marked attention. A brass band from South Wales, the performers being members of the Church on their way to Zion on the “Amazon,” discoursed sweet music on the poop deck before and after the meeting. The Presidency having been appointed and Elder Wm. McLachlin nominated as clerk, President Cannon dedicated the ship.

“It is worth of note that the departure of the ship “Amazon” from London laden with Saints is another instance of the fulfillment, in some years ago, while Elder Eli B. Kelsey was laboring in London, he predicted in a public meeting in that city that the ships should yet leave that port filled with Saints emigrating to Zion. It was with no intention of bringing about the fulfillment of the prophecy that we chartered the “Amazon,” for we were entirely ignorant of the utterance of such a prediction until we heard it stated at a meeting of the Saints held on Sunday the first instructions three days before she sailed. Indeed the chartering of this vessel was not a matter of choice, but of necessity. We could not obtain a vessel in the port of Liverpool suitable to our purpose — vessels of this description being almost unprecedentedly scarce this spring, and we were therefore compelled to go to London. Thus were the circumstances over ruled to bring to pass the word of a servant of God.

“Of the Elders who sailed on the “Amazon” four were Utah Elders, namely Wm. Bramwell, Richard Palmer, Edward P. Edwards and A.W. Van Der Moulde. Among the Elders who emigrated to Zion as passengers were Edward L. Sloan, Thomas Crawley, John Berrett and Joseph Morgan.

“Before sailing from Liverpool the company was fully organized. The emigrants were divided into fifteen wards under the supervision of the following officers: 1— John Wells; 2— James Poulton; 3— Joseph Wilson; 4— A. Cox; 5— J. Kimber; 6— S. Liddiard; 7— S. Evans; 8— D. Williams; 9— A. Sutherland; 10— W. Fowler; 11— W. Van Der Moulde; 12— J.W. Morgan; 13— J. Berrett; 15— E.T. Edwards. E. Larkin was appointed Sergeant of the Guard and George Braithwaite, lamp lighter and trimmer.

The Ship and Its Passengers

George Q. Cannon, who dedicated the Amazon before departure, was at the time president of the British Mission. He would later serve as a counselor in the First Presidency under four Church presidents, one of the most influential figures in nineteenth-century Latter-day Saint history. His presence at the ship’s dedication was a mark of the importance the Church placed on the emigration program.

The Amazon carried some remarkable passengers. George Sutherland, later an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, appointed by President Warren G. Harding in 1922, was among the emigrants. George William Larkin also traveled with the company; after arriving in Utah he was appointed by Brigham Young to oversee the Ogden cemetery, and in 1885 he began the family tradition that grew into Larkin Mortuary. Also aboard was Elijah Larkin, whose journal notes that on 16 and 20 June, Thomas Stoker, William’s eldest son, then thirteen years old, was administered to because of a sickness since leaving Liverpool.

The Amazon’s departure also caught the attention of Charles Dickens, who visited the ship before it sailed and wrote of the Mormon emigrants in his essay collection The Uncommercial Traveller. Dickens had expected to find the kind of misfit and desperate crowds he associated with emigrant ships, instead he found something that surprised him entirely. He described the Mormon emigrants not as misfits and scoundrels but as the “pick and flower” of England, orderly, healthy, purposeful people. William Stoker and his five children, traveling in grief just weeks after Emma’s death, were among those Dickens observed.

Stoker Sisters — l-r: Mary Ann Stoker Sharp, Jeanette Stoker Rogers, Henrietta Stoker Weston. Three of the five children who sailed on the Amazon.

The Journey West

The Amazon landed at Castle Gardens, New York, on 18 July 1863. From there the company traveled by rail to Albany, then through Detroit to Florence, Nebraska — the traditional jumping-off point for the overland journey to Utah. From Florence they traveled by wagon the remaining distance across the plains.

The company arrived in Salt Lake City on 3 and 4 October 1863 — just in time for General Conference. Several members of the company recorded that Brigham Young came out to greet them and offer counsel. The journey from London had taken exactly four months.

William moved almost immediately to Ogden, Weber County, Utah, where he set up his leather and saddlery trade. He remarried Eliza Sinfield in Ogden on 18 May 1864. The five children from his first marriage were distributed among other Plain City families. Mary Ann with George and Victorine Musgrave, who called her Lillian/Lillie and raised her as their own. It is through the Musgraves that she came to know the Sharp family, and through that connection to Plain City’s Episcopal congregation that she met Milo Riley Sharp.

Mary Ann Stoker Sharp

William, Mary Ann, and their overland journey through Devil’s Gate and Independence Rock are part of the larger story I told in Casper Wyoming Temple Open House — where I counted ten of my own ancestors who crossed the Mormon Trail through that same ground. William Edward Stoker and infant Mary Ann were among them.

For the full story of the Stoker family — William and Emma, the five children, and what became of each of them — see Stoker-Eames Wedding. For Lilly’s life in Plain City and her marriage to Milo Riley Sharp, see Sharp-Stoker Wedding. For Emma’s brother Thomas and the Eames family in Alperton, Middlesex, see T. Eames Grocery and Provision Store.

William Edward Stoker older

A. Lietz Field Book No. 704

The morning of 29 November 2025 began at the Orem Utah Temple. That afternoon I visited Provo to document something Dr. James “Jim” T. Ross held in his possession I had never seen. Jim holds two journals that belonged to James Thomas Ross/Meredith, my Great Great Grandfather. On that Thanksgiving break afternoon I photographed all of those two books/journals. More than two hundred photographs in all. This post works through the first of those journals, page by page. Jim’s son, Dane, now holds the journals in his possession. Thank you to Jim and Dane for meeting with me on that occasion and letting me impose to document this important book.

A. Lietz Co. Field Book No. 704 — the journal cover
A. Lietz Co. Field Book No. 704 — the journal cover

The journal is an A. Lietz Co. Field Book No. 704, a brown hardcover surveyor’s field book manufactured in San Francisco. It is worn at the corners, age-stained, and was a working document. The A. Lietz Company appears to have been the premier supplier of surveying instruments and field books in the western United States. James came upon one at some point and repurposed it as a personal journal and scrapbook during his later California years. The traverse data, angles, and station distances running down the margins of many pages almost certainly predate his use of the book. He appears to have acquired and repurposed it, writing his own notes in the spaces between and beside the pre-existing contents and data.

One essential note before turning the pages: this is not a sequential journal. James did not fill it page by page from front to back. He appears to have opened it wherever he found space and written whatever was on his mind that day — current events, family records, financial accounts, scripture, geography, obituaries, trivia. A single page spread may contain entries from five different years, written months or years apart. Some pages are pure pre-existing surveyor’s data that James left entirely untouched. Others carry his own entries on every available line. Reading the journal requires understanding that it does not move chronologically.

The story of how James Thomas Ross/Meredith came to live in Lake County, California, in the late 1930s has been told on this website across a number of posts. The short version: he was born in Pulaski County, Virginia in 1869, the son of Nancy Adelene Shepherd Ross and James Meredith. He spent his early adult years in West Virginia, married Damey Catherine Graham in 1893, and by 1917 had moved his family to the Snake River Plain in Idaho. He was in Paul Idaho in 1925 when their daughter in law, Ethel Sharp Ross died. Jack and Edith’s children, and Jim and Damey’s grandchildren, were with them in Paul until 1926. The attempts at farming and employment in Idaho failed. The 1930 Census shows they relocated to Bend, Oregon. Damey died 3 February 1933 in Marysville, Yuba, California. Jim remarried to Etta Fountain on 6 June 1936 in Sacramento, Sacramento, California. Etta died 21 February 1946 visiting Phoenix, Maricopa, Arizona. He remarried to Martha Elnora Brewer on 14 July 1947 in Fresno, Fresno, California. He died 13 April 1951 in Fresno. His death certificate reads James R. Meredith.

Jim Ross in Provo

Jim Ross is the son of Eugene Dale Ross Sr. (1915–1986) and the great-grandson of James Thomas Ross/Meredith. Jim is a retired podiatrist and longtime Provo resident. Eugene served in the 1st Cavalry Division in World War II. He worked as a lathing and plastering contractor in California for forty years. Jim has maintained the family records in FamilySearch for many years.

The Field Book:

Transit table page with Evlin photographs and Patterson campaign card tucked in

Transit table page with Evlin photographs and Patterson campaign card tucked in

Transcription:
Patterson campaign card: For Efficiency in Office — Retain W.M. Patterson Incumbent For County Clerk Lake County — Election August 30 1938.
Written on photograph: Evlin.

Notes:
Three photographs are tucked into this page showing Evelyn Adaway Phibbs Collier — James’s granddaughter, the daughter of Fanny Elizabeth Ross Phibbs. “Evlin” is James’s phonetic rendering. The Patterson campaign card places James in Lakeport during the August 1938 primary election, if he received it personally. William Merrol Patterson (1904–1977) served as Lake County Clerk.

Dockweiler campaign card and Gertrude Coogan portrait tucked in the field book

Dockweiler campaign card and Gertrude Coogan portrait tucked in the field book

Transcription:
Left page — Dockweiler campaign card: Live and Let Live — Elect Congressman John F. Dockweiler (Candidate for Democratic Nomination) For Governor — Let’s Elect a California Man.
Left page — Coogan portrait label: Gertrude M. Coogan — B.S., M.B.A. — Money Creators.
Right page — Oregon has 61 precinks — Ill has 102 Countys — General Pershin[g] Age 80 Years Sept the 13 1940 — in 1860 thanks Given came on Nov the 30 — J.R. Meredith 3. wife or was To be, — Mrs. Marthey E. Brewer Fresno 4 Thesta St. Calif

Notes:
John Francis Dockweiler (1895–1943) sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in August 1938, losing to Culbert Olson. Gertrude Margaret Coogan (1898–1986) was best known for her 1935 book Money Creators. Her monetary reform arguments appear in James’s own handwriting later in the journal. The bottom entry records Martha Elnora Brewer’s address — James’s future third wife, whom he married 14 July 1947 in Fresno.

The Pages

Field Book No. 704, pages 1–2

Field Book No. 704, pages 1–2

Transcription:
Left page — Lake View Road [surveyor’s header] — The first factory and where. ans is a Glass fact in James Town. in Va — Lincoln 16 President he Chose William H Seward as Secretary of State. Assassinated April the 15 1865 Vice Pres Johnson become President. — Robert R. Livingstone Swor in George Washing[ton] to US President. — Flag Day is June the 14
Right page — Fought in Court — Petioner is Miss Tess Maria Saline of Los Angeles She calles it a Trick. Pension Plan in July the 22 1938 in Chronicle on Page 2, Col 3 — James R. Meredith Put in 120 — hundred & Twenty dollars to buy a Car to Mrs Etta Meredith July the 1939

Notes:
American history jottings on the left — Jamestown glassworks, Lincoln, Robert R. Livingston, Flag Day. The right page records a pension dispute in the San Francisco Chronicle on 22 July 1938, and James putting $120 toward a car for Etta in July 1939.

Field Book No. 704, pages 3–4

Field Book No. 704, pages 3–4

Transcription:
Left page — For Paint — Birth day Present P 3.50 — Paid by J.R.M. — Joe Louis won his heavy weight Title from James Braddock — Canifear[r]y is the Capte of Austrailia
Right page — J.R. Meredith Signed Papers To Frank Elkins in the same name as his children That is Ross. and they was Excepted the Same papers that was Signed by the name of James R. Meredith Elkins and the attorney Knew Ross and Meredith was the same man. — King George Birth Day. June the 15 1940 — Willington is the Capit of New Zeelion

Notes:
The right page carries a legally significant entry in the journal: James records signing papers to Frank Elkins using the name Ross, and that those papers were accepted the same as papers signed James R. Meredith, because Elkins and the attorney knew Ross and Meredith were the same man. This is James himself documenting the dual-surname situation that has complicated the genealogical record.

Field Book No. 704, pages 5–6

Field Book No. 704, pages 5–6

Transcription:
Left page — For Rheumatism — Potassium. Ioddie — 1. oz in one Pinte of Water and one T Spoon full. 2. Pr. day — the Second world War Broke out Sept 1939
Right page — Succed Pope Pius the 11 — is Pope Pius the 12 from China — Cardmel Perchilie age 63. he is the 2.62 Pope Sence Saint Peter. — Chamberlin Resined as Prime minst of Inglin May the 10 1940 — Churchill Takes his Place as Prime Min in Inglin May the 10 1940

Notes:
A home remedy for rheumatism, then the Second World War broke out in September 1939. The right page tracks Pope Pius XII succeeding Pius XI, and Chamberlain resigning on 10 May 1940, the same day Churchill took his place.

Field Book No. 704, pages 7–8

Field Book No. 704, pages 7–8

Transcription:
Left page — James R. Meredith was Borned 1869 or 1868 in Pulaski County V.a. — The Yanks and the Cin. Reds World Series — Enings: 1 no R / 2 no R / 3 no R / 4 no R / 5 no Runs / 6 no Runs / 7 H. Celler R. one Homer / Dickey Homer 3–1 / 8 0 / 9 0 — Yanks 7 Reds 4 — Hitler Birth Day. April the 20 1940 he is 51 years of age.
Right page — Feb the 1938 Lakeport Calif — J. Meredith and Son Ugene. came. and left at Merced. Feb the 22 1938 — Contatution Signed 1787 — Jessie James was Shot April the 3 1882 — Abe Lincoln was shot April the 15 1864 — 74 years ago — The Sun Runs 66000 miles per Hour. — Mount Eariat is 25,000 feet — Robert Hunt Sade the first Prayer at James Town V.a.

Notes:
A critical genealogical entry: James recording his own birth in 1869 or 1868 in Pulaski County, Virginia. Below that the 1939 World Series inning by inning, Yankees 7 Reds 4. The right page records Eugene Dale Ross Sr, Jim Ross’s father, visiting James in Lakeport in February 1938.

Field Book No. 704, pages 9–10

Field Book No. 704, pages 9–10

Transcription:
Left page — Dec the 25 1937. Lakeport Calif — R.L.R. left here. C.R. Lowell Taken him to Hopland. he was here 18 days. Came the 11 of Dec 1937 — Mary Ball was George Washington’s Mother. — Afram Turhune was Washington Gran Father. Martha Vestis was his wife a widow with 4 Children — Vern got drunk and had a fight with Mr. Russell Jan the 15 1938 — Bord met Jan the 10 and met again the 13 — Sent a letter To Florence Turner Jan the 7 1938 — Visited as wells Sunday the 1938 — Earth Quake Jan the 10 1938 — Jan the 16 1938 Rained all day
Right page — Franklin Delano Roosevelt President U.A. — Jan the 14 1938 James R. Meredith recieved his first old age help. in Lakeport Calif. $35.00 — Clipper plane took on the sea Captain Edward C. Musick Jan the 11 1938. No of men last of 7 aBoard — Plane Held Jan the 16 1938 men last was No 10 at Bozman Mont — Plane fell off the Coast of Calif Coming Clone. Crue of 7 Jan the 6 1938

Notes:
Robert Leonard Ross, James’s oldest son, born 1888, left Lakeport on Christmas Day 1937 after an 18-day visit. Charles Raymond Lowell (24 May 1888 — September 1967) drove him to Hopland. Lowell was Etta Fountain’s son by her first husband Charles Henry Lowell, born in Sacramento, a traveling salesman in Chicago during World War I, moving through Seattle, Honolulu, and Ellis Island in the early 1920s, in San Francisco by 1935 and San Mateo County by 1940. James refers to him throughout this journal as Dr. C.R. Lowell. The December 1935 entry records James borrowing $125 from him. C.R. loaned money, hosted Christmas dinners, and employed James as a day laborer. When Etta died 21 February 1946 in Phoenix while visiting Charles Raymond, he returned her remains to Sacramento for burial in the Fountain family plot. James gave him money for a wreath. Charles Raymond died in Phoenix in September 1967.

The right page records James’s first old age assistance payment of $35 on 14 January 1938. The remaining entries track the loss of the Samoan Clipper, piloted by Captain Edwin C. Musick, which disappeared on 11 January 1938 near Pago Pago.

Field Book No. 704, pages 11–12

Field Book No. 704, pages 11–12

Transcription:
Left page — Jan the 14 1938 Lakeport Calif — James R. Meredith bought a Jersey Cow for $50.00 from Mr. Harper. — Jan the 23 1938 Butter Sald to Mrs McCutchon 18¢ — Phillywine has bin a Teritory for 37 years to U.S. — The first Crop of wheat was Raised in Canires in 1870 — Cattle Ship was Sunk by the US navey — March the 1938 Los Angeles Flood — March 5 flood at Fresno — March the Plane lost with 9 People.
Right page — Jan the 21 1938 Lakeport Calif — Hyman Droped Joe. at 11 P.M. Dancing with Mrs Bogudons. at Kelsivelle. Bohoc us — Mr. Martin Feb the 25 1938 — 25 milk 10 cts / 26 10 / 27 10 / 28 10 / 28 40 — March 1938: 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 — Total 90

Notes:
James bought a Jersey cow for $50 from Mr. Harper on 14 January 1938 and ten days later was selling butter to Mrs. McCutchon for 18 cents. The March 1938 California flood entries. The right page records dancing at Mrs. Bogudons’ in Kelseyville and a milk account with Mr. Martin totaling 90 cents.

Field Book No. 704, pages 13–14

Field Book No. 704, pages 13–14

Transcription:
Left page — Jan the 17 1938 milk to Mrs Russell — 17 2 qts cream ½ P 80 — 19 1 lb of Butter 20 — ½ P. cream 35 — 21 M 2 qts 10 — 22 Cream 1.P 20 — milk 20 — 26 milk 20 — 27 milk 20 — 29 20 — 31 Cream milk 80 — Total 23 5[0] — Feb the 1938: 2 milk 2 qts Butter 1 lb Cream 50 — 4 milk cream 20 — 6 M and Cream 20 — 8 M Cream 20 — 10 M 40 — 12 M cream 20 — 14 Cream 4 85 — 16 M 20 — 18 M 20 — 20 M Cream 40 — 22 M 20 — 24 M Cream 30
Right page — 26 M 20 cts — 28 M 20 — March 1938: 20 ct / 30 / 40 / 20 — Total 49 50 / 30 20 — Jan. The 1 1940 — James R. Meredith and wife Etta was home all day. it is a raining it has bin raining 2 days and nights. We spent Xmas in San Francisco 7 days and went to Dr. Lowells in Sacramento 2 days.

Notes:
Detailed milk, cream, and butter sales to Mrs. Russell through January and February 1938. The right page jumps to New Year’s Day 1940: James and Etta home all day in the rain, having spent Christmas in San Francisco for seven days then two days at Dr. Lowell’s in Sacramento.

Field Book No. 704, pages 15–16

Field Book No. 704, pages 15–16

Transcription:
Left page — A Formula for Meat — 100 lbs meat Salt 10 lbs — 3 lbs Brown Sugar — 1 ounce Salt Petre — 1 ounce of Red Pepper — ½ ounce Black Pepper — Leave Side meat in 5 weeks — Hams and Shoulders 6 weeks then Soak in Cold water 3 to 4 days — lay it out over night and dry Salt. Then Pack in Barrell. Sprinkle Salt on as you Pack. Then Put on Brine Boil the Brine and Take off the Scum. Then Put it back in the Barrell — The first worlds Series Base Ball was Played in 1903 The Yanks has won 27 out of 34 Series
Right page — May The 15 1938 — A Plane with 9 People Crashed and found killed near Bakersfield — To Grow in Grace is To Grow in Love. We are saved By Grace. This is Love and God is Love. So we are saved by God. — Politician. Henman wrote the boy Stood on the Burning Deck. — The first Congress was held in the year of 1789

Notes:
A full meat-curing formula — hog-butchering knowledge from his Virginia and West Virginia roots. The right page opens with the 15 May 1938 Bakersfield plane crash, then a passage of religious reflection. “The boy stood on the burning deck” is the opening line of Felicia Hemans’s 1826 poem Casabianca, misattributed by James to a politician named Henman.

Field Book No. 704, pages 17–18

Field Book No. 704, pages 17–18

Transcription:
Left page — June the 21 Longest day — Sept the 23 Equile — Dec the 21 Longest night — March the 21 Equile — Slang name for Oklahoma is Suner — Indiana Hoosier State — 1 cubic foot of Gold weigh 1,200 lbs — melt Copper and Zinc Together makes Brass — Canada to increase her military Strength
Right page — June The 20 1935 meredith — Mrs Damie Ross was Sealed to James T.R. meredith in the temple at Salt Lake City Sister Romney acted as Proxie. — Roosevelt Speech To Congress Jan the 4 1939 — Bar B.Q. for Olson in Sacramento Jan The 7 1939

Notes:
Solstices, equinoxes, state nicknames, metallurgy, Canada’s military buildup on the left. The right page contains a significant genealogical entry: on 20 June 1935, James records that Damie Ross was sealed to him at the Salt Lake City Temple, with Sister Romney acting as proxy. FamilySearch confirms both James and Damey’s initiatory and endowment were performed the same day. The sealing was posthumous. Damey had died 3 February 1933. James was sixty-five and would marry Etta Fountain the following year, in June 1936.

Field Book No. 704, pages 19–20

Field Book No. 704, pages 19–20

Transcription:
Left page — Feb the 2 1939 Lakeport Calif — Bird. Gileland. was found Dead on the floor at his home by Mr. Watson — Pope Pious will be Bearied Tuesday Feb the 14 1939 — 1.61 first Pope — Pope Pious the 12 name is Cardnel Erchinia Perchilia the 1.62 Pope — The name of the Dove in the ark was Bertano — Trinton City is the Capt of new Jersy
Right page — 1789 first Congress met March the 11 Eleven States 1789 met 22 Seniters. 56 for the House — Washington Emourifated President. John Adams Vice President. March the 4 1939 — 150 years later they all meet in Wash. D.C. — President J. Franklin D Roosevelt 32 President. Vice P John. Nance. James Vice P — 76 Congress. 435 members of the House. Senit members 96 — the first Congress met on a Wedndsday 1789 this Congress met on Saturday March the 1939. Geo Washington Taken office april the 30 1789 — name of the Dove Bertano ark

Notes:
Bird James Gilliland was found dead on the floor of his home by Mr. Watson on 2 February 1939 in Lakeport. Gilliland had been born 15 January 1873 in Mount Ayr, Iowa, and was buried in Lakeport on 8 February 1939. The right page compares the First Congress of 1789 with the 76th Congress of 1939 at the 150th anniversary.

Field Book No. 704, pages 21–22

Field Book No. 704, pages 21–22

Transcription:
Left page — Saint Patric was Sold as a Slave in the year of 372. A.D. To Ireland — The 16 of March is Saint Joseph Day — Birth of Democracy was 1789 — In Egypt. There is Mountain 6 miles high Mount Everet or Eariat. — King Henry the 8 had 6 Wifes — Farilone Island. west of San Francisco 26 miles out There is 23 People live There. They Vote in San Francisco. it is a Light House Island noted for a resting Place all Kinds of Birds. They Get There Drinking water from a Tenist Court Rain water. Fearforino Island is Knowin as Goat Island
Right page — Birth Day of Boy Skauts was Feb the 1910 — Hubert Clark Hoover 1928 to 1931 President of USA — March the 9 1934 is Mother inlaw Day was the first Mother in law Day March 1934 was the first Mother inlaw Day — Venise St in San Francisco Taken its name from a mare at Sampson he lived on This Street. — March the 9 1934 was the first Mother in law Day — March the 1938 a Plane was lost with 7 People near Frezno. — Hitler Takes over Austry Hungear March the 11 1938 — Clarence Darro died March the 13 1938 he was Borned 1857 — Vienna the Capit of Austry

Notes:
The Farallon Islands 26 miles west of San Francisco, drinking water collected from a tennis court. Yerba Buena Island identified as Goat Island. Boy Scouts founded February 1910. Mother-in-Law Day on 9 March 1934 recorded twice. Venise Street in San Francisco named for a mare at Sampson’s. Hitler annexing Austria on 11 March 1938 with Hungary also noted. Clarence Darrow died 13 March 1938.

Field Book No. 704, pages 23–24

Field Book No. 704, pages 23–24

Transcription:
Left page — Madam Chants Ki Sheck is 40 years of age March the 25 1938 She was Educated U.S.A. — Appaily won the decision over Lee April the 1 1938 — Joe Louis won over Thomas in the 5 Round. April the 1938 — President Franklin D Roosevelt Spoke 45 min April the 15 1938 — James R. Meredith Got a letter Stating he would have to be in the State 15 years to be Eligible for old age Pension. April the 21 1938
Right page — The Democratic Party founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1790 — a man named Decader Created the cross on Top of the hill in San Francisco. 1920 Blue Mountain Davis Park James. Decader — Cherlie Temple was 9 years of age April the 23 1938 — unidisit is a wife tapattle William. Bada is the name of Buffalo Bill

Notes:
James received a letter in April 1938 stating he would need 15 years of California residency for the full old age pension. This explains the modest $35 assistance payment recorded earlier. Shirley Temple was 9 years old on 23 April 1938, James writes Cherlie.

Field Book No. 704, pages 25–26

Field Book No. 704, pages 25–26

Transcription:
Left page — The Wage Hour law became law Oct the 25 at mid night. — Robert C. Leonard was operated on at Napa Calif Oct the 18 1938 — A woman named was Eleecia. was used by Nero to Poison People that he did not like — Abe Lincoln’s wife name was Mary Todd.
Right page — Montreo the largest City in Conida — Otiwa the Capt of Conida — the Goverment of the People by the People For the People afe Speech at Linton Burg. 1863 Pennilvania — Dals Oregon is in Wasco County Oregon grove. Population. July the 1938 first Boat to arive at Bonivell and to the Dals are. — Suris River runs out of Conidy in To Iowa and Back into Conidy

Notes:
The Fair Labor Standards Act became effective midnight 25 October 1938. The right page mixes Canadian geography with the Gettysburg Address paraphrased from memory, Oregon geography including The Dalles and Bonneville Dam, and the Missouri River running out of Canada into Iowa.

Field Book No. 704, pages 27–28

Field Book No. 704, pages 27–28

Transcription:
Left page — Mr. Water Alen first To Speak on the Talkies. Moving Picture — Augustis Seizer was Borned 2000 years ago. Sept the 25 1938 — Oct the 12 is Columbus Day 1492 — John D. Rockerfellow left about 26 and ½ million Dolars Estate — Earth treamer No the 8 1938
Right page — Life Payment Act Reorganised No the 9 1938 — The Banking Sistem cuts 95 83 9 interest on Every single Dol a year — meredith I believe in working in Sted of weeping Take Things as they Come with a Smile. Do all the Good you Can to others. and you will be happy. — Pope Gragger Changed Xmas from Jan the 6 To Dec the 25

Notes:
The right page contains a more personal entry in the journal, James writing in his own voice: I believe in working in Sted of weeping. Take Things as they Come with a Smile. Do all the Good you Can to others. and you will be happy. Seems like a good motto.

Field Book No. 704, pages 29–30

Field Book No. 704, pages 29–30

Transcription:
Left page — President Wilson’s Wife name is Mrs Edith Bolling Wilson. Wilson died 1924 — Oct the 27 1940 is Navy Day — Franklin D. Roosevelt was Elected for the 3 Time. by 449 Electoral Votes Nov the 1940 — Wilftie Got 82 Electoral Votes
Right page — Charls Dickens wrote the Xmas Carol — J.R. Meredith and Mrs Etta Meredith went To San Francisco Dec the 25 To Mr. C.R. Lowells for Xmas Dinner. and back to Lakeport the 26 1938 had a nice time. received lots of Presents. Xmas Came on Sunday and the new year on Sunday. — John Brown. was Hanged on a tree in Johnstown

Notes:
Roosevelt’s third election with 449 electoral votes over Wendell Willkie’s 82. The right page records James and Etta traveling to San Francisco on Christmas Day 1938 to Charles Raymond Lowell’s for Christmas dinner, returning on the 26th. Christmas and New Year’s both fell on Sunday. This entry, combined with the New Year’s Day 1940 entry on pages 13–14, establishes a pattern of James and Etta spending Christmas with Charles Raymond Lowell each year. John Brown was actually hanged at Charles Town, Virginia in 1859, not Johnstown.

Field Book No. 704, pages 31–32

Field Book No. 704, pages 31–32

Transcription:
Left page — [Surveyor’s data only]
Right page — Nov the 5 1940 — Pres Franklin D. Roosevelt was reelected to the Presidency of the USA the only man to be Elected for the 3 term he was Elected in 1932 1936 — 1940 — James. R. Meredith — and Reelected in 1944. for the 4 term [crossed out]. Died April the 12 1945 Warm Springs Gorga

Notes:
The left page is pure surveyor’s data. The right page tracks Roosevelt’s career across two writing sessions, November 1940 recording his third election, then in different ink his 1944 fourth-term reelection and death on 12 April 1945 at Warm Springs, Georgia.

Field Book No. 704, pages 33–34

Field Book No. 704, pages 33–34

Transcription:
Left page — [Surveyor’s data only]
Right page — April the 6 1941 — the Jermons flew over invasion at 5. A.M. fake alarm

Notes:
On 6 April 1941, James recorded that the Germans flew over in an invasion at 5 A.M. — then added it was a false alarm. Almost certainly a reference to an air raid alert that swept the California coast during the anxious early months of American war preparedness.

Field Book No. 704, pages 35–36

Field Book No. 704, pages 35–36

Transcription:
Left page — [Surveyor’s data only]
Right page — Saint Ann. was the mother of. Mary The Gran Mother. of Christ. She was Past the age to Bare Children. when Christ was Born

Notes:
James records the apocryphal tradition that Saint Anne was the mother of the Virgin Mary and grandmother of Christ, and was past childbearing age when Mary was born.

Field Book No. 704, pages 37–38

Field Book No. 704, pages 37–38

Transcription:
Left page — Harry R. Bell Was Called first his no was 158 in the Draft Oct the 29 1940
Right page — Sep the 3 the Athenia Ship with 400 People Sank by Germany — Tom Wells left the the for Itly 1940 17 — the 4 of July Came on Thursday 1940 — Tomas Jeferson. 2. Pres John. Adams. 3. Pres Bothe Died the Same Day. July the 4 [crossed out] only not the Same Year

Notes:
Harry R. Bell was called first in the draft, number 158 drawn on 29 October 1940, the first peacetime draft lottery in American history. The right page records the sinking of the Athenia on 3 September 1939; Tom Wells leaving for Italy on 17 July 1940; and Jefferson and Adams both dying on 4 July. James noting “only not the Same Year,” though they died the same year, 1826.

Field Book No. 704, pages 39–40

Field Book No. 704, pages 39–40

Transcription:
Left page — Senitor Glass from Va age 83 Jan the 5 1941 Died may the 1945 87 of the 1946 88
Right page — The Berma Road in China was opened Oct the 17 1940 news Direct from China — Presiden Roosvelt Speech May The 27 1941

Notes:
Senator Carter Glass of Virginia (1858–1946), a fellow Virginian James was tracking, noting his age as 83 in January 1941 and his death in 1946 at age 88. Carter Glass was a prominent Virginia Democrat and co-author of the Federal Reserve Act. The right page records the reopening of the Burma Road on 17 October 1940 and Roosevelt’s unlimited national emergency speech of 27 May 1941.

Field Book No. 704, pages 41–42

Field Book No. 704, pages 41–42

Transcription:
Left page — J. R. Meredith went to work for C.R. Lowell Aug the 1944 — 24 one Day Per Day $3.33 — 25 one Day 3.33 — 26 one Day 3.33 — 27 one Day 3.33 — 28 one Day for 5 Days 3.33 — 29 one Day 3.33 — 30 one Day Received Cash $25.00 3.33 — 31 one Day Aug the 31. 1944 — Sept The 1 1944 $25.00 — [days 1–20 continuing at $3.33 then $3.95 then $3.93 per day with weekly totals] — new mana[gement]
Right page — J. R. Meredith went to work for Walden Sept the 11 — 1944 — Sept. 1944 — 21 one Day $3.93 — 22 one Day 3.93 — 23 one Day Birthday 3.90 — 24 one Day 27.5[1] — [days 25–30 continuing] — OCT the 1 Sunday one Day [days trailing off]

Notes:
These pages contain the most detailed employment record in the journal. In August 1944 James went to work for C.R. Lowell, at $3.33 per day, recording each day worked through the end of August and into September, receiving $25 cash on 31 August. The daily rate shifted to $3.95 and then $3.93, possibly reflecting a change in management noted at the bottom of the left page. Then on 11 September 1944 James went to work for someone named Walden, continuing the daily record through the rest of September. The 23 September entry is noted as his birthday. James was 74 years old in September 1944 and still working as a day laborer, recording each day carefully in his surveyor’s field book.

Field Book No. 704, pages 43–44

Field Book No. 704, pages 43–44

Transcription:
Left page — Oct The 2 1944 — [dates 2–17 listed with no entries beside them]
Right page — Galileiro invented the Penilum. Clock

Notes:
The left page is a continuation of the October 1944 work record. James listing the days of the month but leaving the entries blank. The daily employment record simply stops. The right page holds a single isolated entry: Galileo invented the pendulum clock. James’s spelling is characteristic — Galileiro and Penilum. Galileo did discover the isochronous properties of the pendulum around 1602, and his work laid the foundation for the pendulum clock, though the first practical pendulum clock was built by Christiaan Huygens in 1656.

Field Book No. 704, pages 45–46

Field Book No. 704, pages 45–46

Transcription:
Left page — Joseph Taken mary and the Child and fled into Egypt. be matthew C. 61 V. 14, 15, 19, 21, 23 — but Luke C. 2, V. 22, 39 Says he was Taken To Jerusalem. — There was one woman at the Sepulcher. John C 20 V. 1 but matthew C. 28. V. 1 Says it was 2 woman. and mark C. 16 V. 1 Says it was. 3. and Luke C. 24. V. 10 Says it was more Then. 3. — matthew C 12 V. 40 Says Christ was 3 Days and 3 nights in the Grave. but it was only 2 Days and 2 nights in the Grave. Count it your Self. — be mark C. 15 and C. 16
Right page — God Dwells in Light first Timothy. C. 6. V. 16 — God Dwells in Darkness first Kings C. 8 V. 12. and C. 18 V. 11 — Psalms C. 97 V. 2 God is Satisfide with his workes — Genesis C. 1 V. 31 God is not Satisfide with his workes — Genesis C. 6 V. 6 God is not the other of Evil. Psalms 5. 19 V. 7 8 — first Corin. C. 14 V. 33 — James C. 1 V. 13. God is the other of Evil. Thus Saith the Lord I frame Evil. Jeremiah C. 18 V. 11 and Isaiah C. 45. V. 7 and Amos C. 3 V. 6 — Ezekiel C. 20. V. 25 God Deceives the People — Jeremiah C. 4 V. 10 be first Kings C. 22 V. 22. 23 Judges C. 9 V. 23 and Ezek. C. 14 V. 9 The Lord Told Israel To Borrow Every thing the Could from Egyptian — Exodus C. 3 V. 21. 22 thou Shal not Rob the neighbor. Lev. C. 15 V. 2 3

Notes:
These pages reveal a side of James not seen before in the journal, a biblical student working through apparent contradictions with chapter and verse. The left page examines the flight into Egypt versus Luke’s account of the presentation in Jerusalem, the number of women at the sepulcher across the four Gospels, and the calculation of days and nights Christ was in the grave. The right page lists contradictions about the nature of God, whether God dwells in light or darkness, is satisfied with his works or not, is the author of evil. Each claim paired with its citation. Serious theological inquiry, not casual note-taking.

Field Book No. 704, pages 47–48

Field Book No. 704, pages 47–48

Transcription:
Left page — The Mollie. Maguires was Cole miners in Penn[sylvania] — Carson City Nevada The Smallis Capital in U.S.A. — Miss. Mary. Tod. was The wife of Abe Lincoln — We are forbiden to Put our interpretation on the Bible. Second Peter C. 1. V. 20 So we must Except it as it Says men of old wrote it as they were Directed by God.
Right page — There was 800 000 of Israel. and 500 000 of Juda. Second Sam. C 24 V. 9 but first Chron. C. 21 V. 5 Says there was 1.100 000 of Israel. and 4.70 000 of Juda. God Knew his figures Dont you Think. or Did he — Christ mission was not Peace. matthew C. 10 V. 34 and Luke C. 12. V. 49 — hear is Some of the Laws. how would you like to live by Them. Exodus C. 31 V. 14 15 and C. 34. V. 19 20. and C. 35 V. 2. 3 Read Leviticus C. 12 V. 1 to 8. C. 24 V. 16. 23 Numbers C. 8 V. 17. 18. C. 15. V. 32 to 36 C. 25 V. 1 to 4 and C. 31 — Deuteronomy C. 13 V. 6 to 10. C. 14. V. 21 C. 17. V. 12. 13 — Read C. 21. C 22. V. 21 Dent C. 25. V. 11. 12 and a law to Kill your own Son and Sell your Daughter.

Notes:
The Mollie Maguires were Irish-American coal miners in Pennsylvania, hanged in the 1870s. Carson City as the smallest state capital. Mary Todd Lincoln. James writes we are forbidden to put our own interpretation on the Bible (Second Peter 1:20), and must accept it as written by men directed by God. The right page lists Old Testament laws from Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, asking whether the reader would want to live by them. The tension with his left-page statement is worth noting: he insists the Bible must be taken as written, then works through passages that raise questions. He lets the citations speak for themselves.

Field Book No. 704, pages 49–50

Field Book No. 704, pages 49–50

Transcription:
Left page — Jeremiah C. 20 V. 7 Says God Deceived him — Now you Read this law. Dent C. 13. V. 6. 8. 10 and C. 17. V. 2 to V. 12 — and C. 27 V. 14 to 26 and C. 28 and C. 29 God made Slaves of his People. Read Exodus C. 21 V. 3 6 V. 26 27 Levitus C. 25. V. 44. 45 and Exodus C. 13. V. 1. 2 and V. 12 and Levitus C. 27 V. 29 Numbers C. 13 V. 3 Judges C. 11. V. 39 Dent C. 27. and Numbers C. 30 and Dent C. 23. V. 21 Second Sam C. 21. V. 8 to 14 and Read Levit C. 26. V. 14 to 28 Dent C. 28. V. 53 58 Jeremiah C. 19 V. 9 Ezek C. 5. V. 10 Read the whole Chapter. Dent C. 7. V. 1. 2. 10 and Dent. C. 20. V. 13. 14 and C. 21. V. 10 to 16 and numbers C. 31. V. 14 to 18 Some 60.000 the women and Children was murdered. Dent. C. 22. V. 13 to 21 Numbers C. 15. V. 32 to 36 Dent C. 23. V. 1 Some laws. Dont you agree —
Right page — you Can Take the Bible and Prove a lie to be the truth and Prove the truth to be a lie. in matthew C. 2 V. 13 14 Says Joseph was warned of God to Take the Child Jesus and his mother and flee into Egypt but Luke C. 2. V. 21. 22 and V. 39. Says they Taken him To Jerusalem V. 38 and they returned to there own City Galilee city of Nazareth. is Both those Prophes the Truth. Luke Says the Gentiles Put Christ to Death C. 18 V. 32. 33 but John C. 19 Says it was the Jews. are they Both Correct.? Luke C. 23. V. 44 Says it was about the 6. Hour. but mark Says C. 15 V. 25 it was the 3 Hour. Who is Correct.? Second Kings C. 2. V. 1 and V. 11 Says Elijah went up to heaven. but John C. 3. V. 13 Says no man Ever went up to heaven. if you Think Jehovah was a merciful

Notes:
The left page is a dense catalogue of Old Testament passages, ending: Some laws. Dont you agree. The right page opens with: you Can Take the Bible and Prove a lie to be the truth and Prove the truth to be a lie. James works through contradictions, the flight into Egypt versus Jerusalem, who put Christ to death, what hour of crucifixion, whether Elijah ascended to heaven. The page ends mid-sentence, if you Think Jehovah was a merciful, concluded on the next page.

Field Book No. 704, pages 51–52

Field Book No. 704, pages 51–52

Transcription:
Left page — God. Read numbers C. 31 how he Taught moses To Kill and Rob. and how he taught moses in Exodus C. 12 Isac the Hebrews To Borrow from the Egyptian and never paid any thing Back. and how he Deceived the People Read Jeremiah C. 4. V. 10 and C. 20. V. 7 and C. 13 V. 13. 14 and how he Put a lying Spirit in the Prophets mouth To Deceive Read Second Kings C. 22. V. 22. 23 and Read Isaiah C. 45. V. 7 Read C. 61. V. 8. 9 he Dont Believe in Robbing Read C. 63. V. 4. 5. 6. and V. 17 Read Amos C. 3. V. 6 Ezek C. 20. V. 25 Read Jeremiah C. 18. V. 11 Read Isaiah. C. 13. V. 16. 17. 18
Right page — [Surveyor’s data only]

Notes:
The sentence from page 50, if you Think Jehovah was a merciful, is completed here with God. James continues his catalogue: God commanding Moses to kill and rob, teaching the Hebrews to borrow from the Egyptians without repaying, deceiving the people, putting a lying spirit in the mouths of prophets. He ends with Isaiah 13:16–18. This is the most intellectually sustained writing in the journal, seven pages of biblical inquiry. The right page is surveyor’s data only.

Field Book No. 704, pages 53–54

Field Book No. 704, pages 53–54

Transcription:
Left page — [Surveyor’s data only]
Right page — The Corner Stone of the Lifeone at Hides Park was Laid. Nov the 19 1939 — Thomas. Woodro the Willson 28 President

Notes:
The right page records the laying of the cornerstone of the Roosevelt Library and Museum at Hyde Park, New York on 19 November 1939. James writing Lifeone for Library and Hides Park for Hyde Park. Roosevelt himself laid the cornerstone before nearly 1,000 people. The second entry notes Woodrow Wilson as the 28th President.

Field Book No. 704, pages 55–56

Field Book No. 704, pages 55–56

Transcription:
Left page — Jan The 15 1939 Mr. attorney Brady Sade to day that he would not Put any thing in the way of Gov. Olson m[aking] granting Tom Mooney a Pardon. for he Sad he had Knew for 14 years that the Evidence that Put Mooney in Prison was with out Foundations. Why then did they Keep him Thare. is the Corts always Corect
Right page — Nov the 1938 the Dolar liner Changed its name to American President — A Deckade is 10 years — Carl Marks was the Founder of Comanist — Britain has 2 Parties the Conservitas and the Lifeones. The USA has the Democrat and the Republican

Notes:
The Tom Mooney case, one of the most famous wrongful convictions in American labor history. Mooney had been convicted of the 1916 Preparedness Day Bombing and imprisoned for over two decades. On 15 January 1939 attorney Brady stated he would not oppose Governor Olson granting a pardon, having known for 14 years the evidence was without foundation. Olson pardoned Mooney on 7 January 1939. James’s question is pointed: Why then did they Keep him Thare. is the Corts always Corect.

The right page notes the Dollar Steamship Line changing its name to American President Lines in November 1938. Karl Marx as founder of Communism, James writes Carl Marks and Comanist. Britain’s two parties, the Conservatives and the Liberals, James writing Lifeones for Liberals, the same phonetic rendering as Lifeone for Library on pages 53–54, compared with America’s Democrats and Republicans.

Field Book No. 704, pages 57–58

Field Book No. 704, pages 57–58

Transcription:
Left page — Humidy is High Jan Swet the most Humidy is Judged by the moisture in the Air — Henry Ford was 75 yrs of age July the 29 1938 — Joe Rasen Brought Will Rogers and his Pardner Back to USA after the Crash 1935 — Will Rodgers was a indian
Right page — [Surveyor’s data — Honeymoon Cove] — a Man Can Get on First base 4 diferent ways with out Hitting the Ball. first by a walk. Second Catcher. Enumerating the Strike. Third by a hit Ball. forth by a droped Ball. — in the White Cap Crime killing a man. Will Perso. was Convicted for a crime he never Commited. 2 years later the forman of the Jury Confest the Crime — California admitted to USA in 1850

Notes:
Humidity measured by moisture in the air. Henry Ford turned 75 on 29 July 1938. Will Rogers, the Cherokee humorist and actor, died in a plane crash near Point Barrow, Alaska on 15 August 1935 along with aviator Wiley Post; James notes he was an Indian. The four ways a batter can reach first base without hitting the ball. The White Cap crime entry records a man named Will Perso convicted of a killing he never committed, with the jury foreman confessing two years later. California admitted to the USA in 1850.

Field Book No. 704, pages 59–60

Field Book No. 704, pages 59–60

Transcription:
Left page — Chamberlin from Ingland visited Hitler Sept the 15 — 1938 — 17 — Saint Johns day is Oct the 23 — Saint Joseph day is March the 19 the Birds that is Swallows leave the west Oct the 23 the 19 of March they return
Right page — Finger Printing first Started in China and finished in France. Fish do here. they have ears under there Skull. — 1789 the Contution was writen James Madison wrote in free Speech free Esemily free Religion — Robert E. Lee Run his race 200 Miles in 18.72 — Albert Dier was hanged Friday Sept the 15 — 1938

Notes:
Chamberlain visited Hitler on 15 September 1938, the first of three meetings leading to the Munich Agreement. Saint John’s Day on 23 October and Saint Joseph’s Day on 19 March, with swallows leaving on 23 October and returning on 19 March. The right page covers fingerprinting originating in China, fish having ears under their skulls, the Constitution written in 1789 with James Madison credited for free speech, free assembly (James writes Esemily), and free religion. Robert E. Lee running a 200-mile race in 1872, details unclear. Albert Dier hanged on Friday 15 September 1938.

Field Book No. 704, pages 61–62

Field Book No. 704, pages 61–62

Transcription:
Left page — The Grange was instituted 1884 — Frankfooter. aded to the Supream Cort bench Jan the 5 1939 by Roosevelt — Rome is Called The Everlasting City because never bin Destroied — a man by the name of Shampain is the Father of Canida. as George Washington is the Father of USA — Emma Goleman Died may the 14 1940 She was the age of 70 years
Right page — There is 796 Langies Spoken in the world. — Nov the 24 164 years ago the Decleration of Independance was Signed — Gosnor Bradford Sent out Some men for Some Birds and they Brought back Turkeys. and he Called it Thanks Given day 16 21

Notes:
The Grange instituted in 1884. Felix Frankfurter added to the Supreme Court bench by Roosevelt on 5 January 1939. Rome as the Eternal City. Samuel de Champlain as the father of Canada, paralleled with George Washington as the father of the USA. Emma Goleman died 14 May 1940 at age 70. The right page records 796 languages spoken in the world. The Declaration of Independence signed 164 years ago, placing this entry around 1940. Governor Bradford sent men for birds, they returned with turkeys, and he called it Thanksgiving Day in 1621.

Field Book No. 704, pages 63–64

Field Book No. 704, pages 63–64

Transcription:
Left page — The Govner Called Thanks Givin July the 30 in 1623 — Prs Madison had one Thanks Givin in Dec and one in April. — Abe Lincoln the First President to make Thanks Givin national holiday in 1863.
Right page — the Distance to the moon is 238000 — Italians Joined the War on Jan the 10 — 1940 — The 284 Day of the war Italion warned the USA in the Speech — Bulgeary went over to the Axes. March 1 — 1941

Notes:
The left page continues the Thanksgiving origin story from pages 61–62. Governor Bradford called it Thanks Giving on 30 July 1623. President Madison had one Thanksgiving in December and one in April. Abraham Lincoln made Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863. The right page records the distance to the moon as 238,000 miles. On the 284th day of the war, Italy warned the USA in a speech. Bulgaria went over to the Axis on 1 March 1941.

Field Book No. 704, pages 65–66

Field Book No. 704, pages 65–66

Transcription:
Left page — Dec The 19 1938 — Rash is Russia. Meshech is Moscow. Tubal is Tofalsk. — Anti Christ is Political Leader Mussalini. — 8000 Treaties has bin Signed witch was to last for Ever but avarised only 2 years. — The True Church Col. 1.18 the Harlet Rev 17. 9. 18 the Pope in Hebrew Spells 6.66 in Greek it means the Latin King. and Spells 6.66 The Pope Wears no 666 on the Lapel of his Coat Has history will Conker the Vatican Rome is in
Right page — Vaticins Fili Dei all Popes has D 500 this name of V 5 Honor C 100 V 5 L 50 666 — Germany Taken Paris France June the 14 1940 She will Take Every Thing they Can Get look out U.S.A. — J. R. Meredith

Notes:
James identifies Rosh as Russia, Meshech as Moscow, and Tubal as Tobolsk, a dispensationalist reading of Ezekiel 38. He identifies the Anti-Christ as Mussolini, and notes 8,000 treaties signed to last forever but averaging only two years. The right page works out the calculation that the papal title Vicarius Filii Dei yields 666 in Roman numerals (D=500, V=5, C=100, V=5, L=50) — a common anti-Catholic argument in Protestant prophecy literature. Germany taking Paris on 14 June 1940 follows with, James’s warning: will Take Every Thing they Can Get. look out U.S.A. The page closes with his signature: J. R. Meredith.

Field Book No. 704, pages 67–68

Field Book No. 704, pages 67–68

Transcription:
Left page — Henry Ford July the 30 was 77 years of age 1940 — Speaker. W.B. Bank Head Died Sept the 15 1940 — President Pierce 1853 — 1856 — Zachiran Taylor 1847 — To 1851 — Lincoln 1860
Right page — [Surveyor’s data — Honeymoon Cove] — Windel. Wilkie’s old home where he was Born. Elwood Ind. now Candidate for Pres as Republican 1940 he was Born Feb the 18 92 he Accepts the Candidacy of President of the Republican Party 1940 he was Excepted Aug the 17 — 1940 — Van Cooter was Bomed June the 20 1942 Oregon Coast was Bomed June the 21 — 1942

Notes:
Henry Ford turned 77 on 30 July 1940. Speaker William Brockman Bankhead died 15 September 1940. Presidential terms: Franklin Pierce 1853–1856, Zachary Taylor 1847–1851, Lincoln elected 1860. Wendell Willkie’s birthplace, Elwood, Indiana, and his acceptance of the Republican presidential nomination on 17 August 1940, born 18 February 1892. Then two World War II entries: Vancouver bombed June 20 1942, and the Oregon Coast bombed June 21 1942, referring to the Japanese submarine shelling of Fort Stevens, Oregon on 21 June 1942, the only attack on a US military installation on the continental United States during the war.

Field Book No. 704, pages 69–70

Field Book No. 704, pages 69–70

Transcription:
Left page — Joseph Dill Died June the 22 1943 6.71 — 4 St San Rafael Calif he was a nephew. Boot Black.
Right page — Feb 9 1941 Death Come to Reed Smute in Floridy Funeral Serv held in Salt Lake Feb the 14 1941 — Mr Blake Said that MC ather Knew what was Going on in Mas Co. but MC ather Says he was not informed of what was Going on. Mr Foster give this over the Radio and he Said this was a Contradiction Then why isent St John C. 5. V. 31 and John C. 8. V. 14 a Contradiction Christ Said John was Elias but John Says he was not Elias. John C. 1. V. 21 is this a Contradiction.?

Notes:
Joseph Dill was born 1 January 1899 in Spurger, Texas, to Nathaniel Ervin Dill and Leticia Barlow. He grew up in East Texas, lived in Louisiana in the 1920s, and settled in San Rafael, Marin County by 1935. He died 22 June 1943 at 671 4th Street, San Rafael, and was buried in Silsbee, Texas. He had registered for the military draft in San Rafael in February 1942. James notes he was a boot black and calls him a nephew — the nature of any connection is not established by available records.

The right page opens with the death of Reed Smoot on 9 February 1941 in Florida, the longtime Utah Senator and LDS apostle, with his funeral held in Salt Lake City on 14 February 1941. The remainder continues the biblical inquiry, using contradictory radio testimony about McArthur as a launching point for further scriptural contradictions about John and Elias.

Field Book No. 704, pages 71–72

Field Book No. 704, pages 71–72

Transcription:
Left page — man in San Rafael that was 25 miles to San Francisco but one other Pertbalman Said it only 18 miles. was this a Contradiction? — Aaron was 83 years of age when he Stept in to help moses lead the Hebrews out of Egypt. he hadent Sun made for 40 years. Moses was 80 years of age. They had quite a Plan. to live off of the People mose had bin with Jethro and Yahweh Witch after was named Jehovah. Jethro was a Priest for Yahweh for he was a Canmonite God and Changed it to Jhodah When he and Moses Adopted the Hebrews.
Right page — and he Said if they would be to him a People he would be To them a God — yet he was only a man. Ruler of all local Gods in Cannan. Read the Egyptian history. but he was not as honest as was To Jo. he was Japans God but Dec the 30 1945 he Told the People at Japan that it was not So. it was a fake if Jhodah had bin that honest There would not bin so many People fooled. No To Told the People he was God for Gone. So Did Jehovah and moses and Aaron. Pries Craft

Notes:
The left page opens with another contradiction, two men giving different distances from San Rafael to San Francisco, then moves into an analysis of Moses and Aaron: their ages (Aaron 83, Moses 80), their plan to lead and live off the people, and the identification of Yahweh as a Canaanite god that Jethro, a Midianite priest, introduced to Moses, later renamed Jehovah when he and Moses adopted the Hebrews.

The right page continues: Jehovah promised to be their God if they would be his people, but James argues he was simply a man, ruler of local gods in Canaan. He draws a parallel with the Japanese Emperor Hirohito, who told the Japanese people on 30 December 1945 that he was not divine. Both Jehovah and Hirohito claimed divine status. He closes with Pries Craft, a term used in both Protestant and LDS traditions for the corrupt use of religion for personal gain.

Field Book No. 704, pages 73–74

Field Book No. 704, pages 73–74

Transcription:
Left page — [Blank]
Right page — June the 20 1941 — The Submarene 0.9 went under 440 fee of water. and never came up. with 34 men it went down 5 miles from where the Squalais went down in 1939

Notes:
The USS O-9 (SS-70) sank during a test dive on 20 June 1941 off the Isle of Shoals, New Hampshire. James records 440 feet and 34 men, and notes it went down 5 miles from where the Squalus sank in 1939, the USS Squalus (SS-192) had sunk on 23 May 1939 during a test dive off Portsmouth, New Hampshire. James connecting the two disasters across two years.

Field Book No. 704, pages 75–76

Field Book No. 704, pages 75–76

Transcription:
Left page — Sept the 2 1940 — U.S.A. Traded 50 Ships to Britton for Brittons Islands for Air Bases. for U.S.A. This is agreifle with Wilkia — Key Pitman Died Nov the 10 1940 age 68 years — Lundon Prime Minister Neferlin Chamberlan Died Nov the 10 1940 Church Hill is Prime Minster now. now it is ately
Right page — Oct the [?] 1940 [faint/largely illegible entries]

Notes:
The Destroyers for Bases Agreement of September 1940, the USA trading 50 destroyers to Britain in exchange for 99-year leases on British bases. James notes this was agreeable to Willkie, who had supported the deal. Key Pittman, Nevada Senator, died 10 November 1940 at age 68. Neville Chamberlain also died on 9 November 1940. Churchill is noted as Prime Minister, James writing Church Hill, followed by now it is ately, likely referring to Clement Attlee who became Prime Minister in July 1945, added later.

Field Book No. 704, pages 77–78

Field Book No. 704, pages 77–78

Transcription:
Left page — Jan The 21 1939 Lakeport Calif — The Cavalear Plain Tha[t] Sank in the Atlantic 3 was lost. and 10 Saved. it Sank at 1.30 after noon Saturday Jan the 21 1939 — The Senet and Congress Past the new trade repele of arms imbar Go F.D.R. will Signe it tomoro the 4 Nov the 4 1939 — F.D. Rossevelt Elected for the 4 Term 1944 nov the Thanks for That. but he Died April the 12 1945 — General Patton Died Dec the 28 1945 in Jeremany.
Right page — There was 56 men Signed the Declations of Independace 35 of Thom was Lawers — 1829 Denis notorious Contious Andrew Jackson John Quincey Adams was Elected — Americans all Emigrants all Washington D.C.

Notes:
The Cavalier sinking in the Atlantic on 21 January 1939, 3 lost and 10 saved. The Senate and Congress passing the Neutrality Act revision on 4 November 1939. Later additions: Roosevelt elected to the 4th term in 1944, dying 12 April 1945. General Patton died 28 December 1945 in Germany. The right page notes 56 men signed the Declaration of Independence, 35 of them lawyers. The 1829 entry records the contested election between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams as notorious and contentious. Americans are all emigrants, all Washington D.C.

Field Book No. 704, pages 79–80

Field Book No. 704, pages 79–80

Transcription:
Left page — [Blank]
Right page — A. Monyement on Saint Peters Cathendale. in Rome is an inCription it Reads as follows. Jesus Rules and Rains. So Doo the Catholick want to Doo — King Henry the 8 had 6 Wifes 3 of Thom. Given names was Catherine — J.R. Meredith. Gave Mrs Maple Root for Birth Day 1945 five Dolars Cash $5.00 one Dol for Xmas. 1945

Notes:
A monument at Saint Peter’s Cathedral in Rome carries the inscription: Jesus Rules and Rains. So Do the Catholics want to Do. King Henry VIII had 6 wives, three of whom were named Catherine, Catherine of Aragon, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr. James gave Mrs. Maple a root for her birthday in 1945, five dollars cash, and one dollar for Christmas 1945.

Field Book No. 704, pages 81–82

Field Book No. 704, pages 81–82

Transcription:
Left page — [Surveyor’s data only]
Right page — [Surveyor’s data only]

Notes:
Both pages are pure surveyor’s data, including a small sketch diagram showing traverse lines with elevations. James left these pages entirely untouched.

Field Book No. 704, pages 83–84

Field Book No. 704, pages 83–84

Transcription:
Left page — [Surveyor’s data only]
Right page — Feb The 1935 [largely illegible — faint pencil entries over surveyor’s data]

Notes:
The right page has a date header of February 1935 with faint pencil entries largely illegible in this photograph. A February 1935 date would make this among the earliest dated entries in the journal, predating the first clearly legible entry of December 1935.

Field Book No. 704, pages 85–86

Field Book No. 704, pages 85–86

Transcription:
Left page — Nov the 4 1937 — James. R. Meredith Turned in his old age Papers. They was Signed by George. Rusell. and by George. Held. Seald by Mr. Hazle. — I James. R. Meredith came to Lakeport Sept the 13 1936 from Merced County Calif — came to Calif Nov the 1930 — was borned and raised in Pulaski County. Va — was allways. Known as James. Ross. Meredith — my name at first was James Thomas. Ross — when I was adopted. To my Farther the cort made my name James. Ross. Meredith or James. R. Meredith
Right page — I Think I is on reckard James. R. Meredith. but was after Known in as after James Ross. Every Body Called me. Ross. — My Fathers Name was. James. Meredith Borne 1803 Died Feb the 17 1889. Pulaski County. Va — my Mothers name was Nancy adline. Ross Born March the 27 1818 in Pulaski County Va Died the year of 1924 in Radford. Montgu mary County. Va at John Paines — Mary An Tod was afe Lincoln

Notes:
These two pages are among the most genealogically significant in the entire journal. James writing his autobiography with his own hand. On 4 November 1937 he filed his old age papers, witnessed by George Russell and George Held, sealed by Mr. Hazle. He came to Lakeport on 13 September 1936 from Merced County; came to California in November 1930; born and raised in Pulaski County, Virginia. His name at birth was James Thomas Ross, and when adopted by his father, the court made his name James Ross Meredith or James R. Meredith. He was always known as James Ross Meredith, but everybody called him Ross.

His father’s name was James Meredith, born 1803, died 17 February 1889, Pulaski County, Virginia. His mother’s name was Nancy Adline Ross, born July 1843 in Newbern, Pulaski, Virginia, died in 1924 in Radford, Montgomery, Virginia at John Paine’s. The final entry, Mary Ann Todd was wife of Lincoln, is a stray trivia note on the same page.

Field Book No. 704, pages 87–88

Field Book No. 704, pages 87–88

Transcription:
Left page — [Surveyor’s data only]
Right page — Sept the 27 1940 — Japan and Jermony Italian Goverments Jinded hands aganced the world — Rushia Sold Alaska To U.S.A. 1867 — [several lines largely illegible] — this war is not over yet

Notes:
The right page opens with the Tripartite Pact of 27 September 1940, Japan, Germany, and Italy joining hands against the world. Russia selling Alaska to the USA in 1867. The lower portion has faint entries largely illegible, with one readable phrase: this war is not over yet.

Field Book No. 704, pages 89–90

Field Book No. 704, pages 89–90

Transcription:
Left page — April The 12 1945 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt Past out 3.35 P.M. at warm Springs Ga. his Vice Hary S Truman Takes over — This makes 7 Vice Presidents Taken over. after Death of The Prsident. first was John Tyler 1840 Death of William henry Harrison and Second Millard Fillmore Taken over in 1850 Death of Zachary Taylor. Third was Andrew Johnson 1865 Taken over by Death of Abraham Lincoln — Fourth Chester. H. Aarthur in 1881 on the Death of James. A. Garfield The fifth was Theodore Roosevelt in 1901 Death of William McKinley. Sixth was Calvin Coolidge 1923 on Death of Warren G Harding Seventh was Hary S Truman. on Death of F.D. Roosevelt 1945 — Death Came in the 3 month of his 4 term 12 years 3 months 8 Days. The Good
Right page — thing he has Don for the People will EVriel all the good things that all the Presidents has Don. a wonderful good man. a man of feeling. I place him at the head of all Presidents before him. I am 76 years of age and I hade Prest Taft for quit a while — Signed James. R. Meredith April the 13 1945 San Rafael. Calif — Hary S Truman Served as Vice under F.D. Roosevelt for 3 months 8 Days. Roosevelt Taken office March the 19 32 and Served 3 full terms and 3 months and 8 Days in the 4 term.

Notes:
On 12 April 1945 he records Roosevelt’s death at 3:35 P.M. at Warm Springs, Georgia, and Truman taking over. He lists all seven Vice Presidents who assumed the presidency on the death of the sitting president — Tyler, Fillmore, Johnson, Arthur, Theodore Roosevelt, Coolidge, and Truman — correctly in order.

The right page is a personal eulogy for Roosevelt, signed by James R. Meredith on 13 April 1945 in San Rafael, California. He was 76 years old. He places Roosevelt at the head of all presidents before him, calls him a wonderful good man, a man of feeling. He mentions having known President Taft for a while. The page closes with a careful accounting of Roosevelt’s time in office: three full terms and three months and eight days into the fourth.

Field Book No. 704, pages 91–92

Field Book No. 704, pages 91–92

Transcription:
Left page — Oct The 3 — is the Jerus Christmas. a knew year — The Mexican President now is a Catheleck the first in 90 years Sept 29 — 1940 — William McAdoo was Bearied Feb the 3 1941 — Hary S. Trumans Mother 93 years of age Nov the 25 1945
Right page — James R. Meredith and Etta. Meredith had Xmas Diner by Thom Selves in San Rafael Calif 1945 and what you Know. We had Turkey. the last Xmas Diner we Every had with Each other. She Died Feb the 21 1946 in Phoenix Ariz — She was Bearied in the City Cemitory Sacramento Calif. may the 30 J.R. Meredith had affe willer to Place a Wreath on hur Grave for him. — James R. Meredith we was married June the 6 1936 lived to gather 9 years. and 7. Monthes.

Notes:
3 October as Jerusalem Christmas and New Year, the Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah) falls in late September or early October. The Mexican President becoming Catholic for the first time in 90 years on 29 September 1940. William McAdoo, California senator and son-in-law of Woodrow Wilson, buried 3 February 1941. Harry Truman’s mother was 93 years old on 25 November 1945.

The right page is one of the most moving in the journal. James records that he and Etta had Christmas dinner by themselves in San Rafael in 1945 and had turkey, then notes it was the last Christmas dinner they would ever have together. Etta died 21 February 1946 in Phoenix, Arizona, and was buried in the City Cemetery in Sacramento. James gave money to have a wreath placed on her grave. He closes with their marriage date, 6 June 1936, and notes they lived together 9 years and 7 months.

Field Book No. 704, pages 93–94

Field Book No. 704, pages 93–94

Transcription:
Left page — King Henry the was Quene Elisifath farther. and Anie Balden was hur Mother — Astralia impire felonys to England — Senetar. Harrison Died June the 22 1941 — States Mane and Vermont was Carried by Landon.
Right page — he was a batchlor James. Bucanon. President 1856 he was a Democrat Thy was a Whig and Tory. those Days. — I Pledge allegiance to the flag of the united States of america. and the Republic for whitch it Stands. one nation indivisible with liberty and Justis for all.

Notes:
Queen Elizabeth’s father was King Henry VIII, and Anne Boleyn was her mother, correct for Elizabeth I. Australia’s imperial ties to England. Senator Harrison died 22 June 1941. Maine and Vermont were the only two states carried by Landon in the 1936 election. James Buchanan was a bachelor president, correct, the only US president never to marry. The parties of that era were Whig and Democrat. The page closes with James writing out the Pledge of Allegiance from memory, notably without under God, which was not added until 1954, more than a decade after James would have written this.

Field Book No. 704, pages 95–96

Field Book No. 704, pages 95–96

Transcription:
Left page — Jack Dempsey Fight with Carpentier Drew $1.600.000 — Bradalk and Far Jan the 21 1938 10 Rounds. Bradalk won — Madona is a Picture of the Virgin Mary. [faint illegible entries below]
Right page — Jan the 19 1938 Mr. Vanchuson Butter 1 ff paid $35 — [daily milk account entries at 10 cents] — Total 100 — Apr the 1938 [continuing daily entries through 28th] — Total 70

Notes:
The Jack Dempsey vs. Georges Carpentier fight of 2 July 1921, the first million-dollar gate in boxing history, drawing $1,600,000. A fight involving Bradalk on 21 January 1938, 10 rounds, Bradalk winning. The Madonna entry: a Madonna is a picture of the Virgin Mary. The right page is a milk account with Mr. Vanchuson beginning 19 January 1938, recording daily milk and butter sales at 10 cents per day. This account runs parallel to the Mrs. Russell account on pages 13–14, confirming James was running a small dairy with multiple customers in early 1938.

Field Book No. 704, pages 97–98

Field Book No. 704, pages 97–98

Transcription:
Left page — March the 1 — 1938 Mr. Vandudon — [daily 10-cent milk entries days 1–31] — Total 100 — April The 1938 — [daily 10-cent entries days 1–28]
Right page — Feb the 8 1938 milk 1 qt — [daily entries] — 17 1938 Vandudon — may the 1938 — [continuing daily milk entries through May] — Total $1.10

Notes:
Both pages continue the milk account with Mr. Vandudon, James’s phonetic spelling varying between Vanchuson and Vandudon, recording daily 10-cent milk sales through March, April, and into May 1938. The March account totals $1.00 for 31 days. This is an extensive daily financial record in the journal, confirming James was operating a consistent small dairy in Lakeport through the first half of 1938.

Field Book No. 704, pages 99–100

Field Book No. 704, pages 99–100

Transcription:
Left page — Feb The 1938 Milk to Mr. Harper — [daily 10-cent entries days 19–28] — Total $1.00 Pd — March 1938 — [daily entries continuing through the month]
Right page — George Washington was related To Franklin D. Rooservelt. — John Adams the President was related to F.D. Roosevelt — James. Madison 4 President was his relations. — John Quiney Adams the 6 President was his relations. — Martin Van Bruen the 8 President was his relation — William Henry Harrison 9 President was related to F.D.R. — Zachary Taylor 12 Pres. was related to him. — U.S. Grant 18 Pres. was his relation. — Benjamin Harrison 23 Pres. was his relations over

Notes:
The left page continues the milk account with Mr. Harper, the same Mr. Harper from whom James bought his Jersey cow in January 1938, now also a milk customer. The right page lists presidents James believed were related to Franklin D. Roosevelt: Washington, John Adams, James Madison, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Ulysses Grant, and Benjamin Harrison. Roosevelt did have documented connections to several of these families. The page continues onto the next.

Field Book No. 704, pages 101–102

Field Book No. 704, pages 101–102

Transcription:
Left page — Theodore Roosevelt the 26 Pres. was his relation — William Howard Taft the 27. Pres was related Franklin. D. Roosevelt the only one to be Elected the 4 turn his wife the only one to be the 4 lady of the Land — McKinley was the 25. Pres Vice was Garrett A Hafort. of New Jersey making Second term in 1900 with Theodore Roosevelt Vice
Right page — in 1946 Samial. Brannon Hotel San Francisco Brannon St was named after Sam Brannan. — Died. 55 in April 1945 — Hitler was 52. April the 20. 1941 — June the 21 1941. Hitler has Declaired war on Rushia — The world Series 1942 was won by St Luis. Mo — President Grant of the Latter Day Saints Died May the 14 1945 in Salt Lake City Utah he was age 88

Notes:
The left page continues the Roosevelt family connections from page 100, adding Theodore Roosevelt (26th) and William Howard Taft (27th) to the list of presidents related to FDR. James notes Franklin D. Roosevelt as the only president elected to a fourth term, and his wife as the only woman to be First Lady four times. McKinley was the 25th president; his vice president was Garret Augustus Hobart of New Jersey for his first term, and Theodore Roosevelt for his second term in 1900, Roosevelt succeeding upon McKinley’s assassination in 1901.

The right page opens with a 1946 entry about the Samuel Brannon Hotel in San Francisco and Brannan Street being named after Sam Brannan, the prominent early California settler and first millionaire of the Gold Rush. Then Hitler turning 52 on 20 April 1941 and declaring war on Russia on 21 June 1941. The 1942 World Series was won by St. Louis. President Grant of the Latter Day Saints, Heber J. Grant, seventh President of the LDS Church, died 14 May 1945 in Salt Lake City at age 88.

Field Book No. 704, pages 103–104

Field Book No. 704, pages 103–104

Transcription:
Left page — Mussoleni was Killed April 1945 — A. God — Christ Says he made Every Thing. Read John C. 1 and he Says he Gave the laws. Then he was Jehovah. if he made Every Thing. then he made Space. Then where was he before he made Space. There was no where for him to be. and at that time he was a Ghost. and I guess they Can be nowhere. So he made Every Thing out of nothing. all but man. and he made him out of Dust. and he found a God with all Power. but Still was Killed by man witch he made.<br>Right page — why Did he make man So bad and as he Says. So Sinfull. if you Think he is a Just God Read the laws he Gave in Exodus and Levit. and numbers C. 31 — well if he made Every Thing. he made Satan. What for. if he is all Powfull why Didont he Contrate Satan. or why Didnt he make all men Good and Keep Thom that way. Well Judges. C. 1 V. 19 Says he is not allpowerfull. he Cound not Drive out the People in the Valley. for they had Charets made of iron. it must Release the Bible. what about this. C. 1 V. 19. must we beleve it. That would Do away with

Notes:
The left page opens with a brief news note, Mussolini was killed in April 1945, then returns immediately to theological inquiry. James works through a cosmological argument: if God made everything (John 1), then he made space; but where was he before space existed? He was a Ghost, and a ghost can be nowhere. So God made everything out of nothing, except man, whom he made from dust. And yet this all-powerful God was killed by the very man he made.

The right page continues the argument: if God made everything, he made Satan, so why did he not control Satan, or simply make all men good? Then James cites Judges 1:19, the passage recording that God could not drive out the people of the valley because they had chariots of iron, as evidence that God is not all-powerful. The page ends mid-sentence: “That would Do away with” continuing on the next page.

Field Book No. 704, pages 105–106

Field Book No. 704, pages 105–106

Transcription:
Left page — all Powerfull God. a God that is invisible. That Kind of a God never was heard or seen. Read Exodus C. 33 V. 20 and John. C. 5 V. 37 and first Jimathey C. 6. V. 16 and John C. 1 V. 18 but Se what Jehovah Says. Read Exodus C. 33 V. 23 — and Gen C. 32 V. 30 — and Exodus C 24 V. 9 Do you Se Eny Contradiction hear. — Peter Says men of old Spake as they were Directed by the Haly Ghost. So we can not put our interpation on it To make it mean Eny Thing only what it Says. Read Second Peter C. 1 V. 20 — Second Sam C. 6 V. 23 Says Michal the Daughter of Saul. and the Wife of David had no<br>Right page — Child unto the Day of hur Death. but C 2 1 V. 8 hur had 5 Sons. — Christ Says John was Elias Se matthew C. 11. V. 14 but John Says he was not Elias Se John C. 1 V. 21 — matthew Says Jacob was Josephs father C. 1 V. 6 but Luke Says not So. his father was Heli. C. 3 V. 23 — John Says the Jews Killed Christ C. 11. but matthew Says it was the Gentiles C 2 0 V. 19. John Says he Died about the 6 Hour. C. 19 but mark Says it was the 3 Hour mark C. 15 V. 25 — and V. 23 Says the Gave him wine mingled with myrrh. to Drink but matthew Say the Gave him Vinager mingled with Gall to Drink C. 27 V. 34 — mathew C. 5 V. 16 let men see your Good workes. but C. 6 V. 1. 2. 3. 4. Did Judas keep the buch and Did the Priests buy the Peters field with the money. Se matthew C. 27 V. 5 to 8. Se matthew C. 1 V. 18 Judas now Se acts C. 1 V. 18 Judas bought the field. and Died

Notes:
The left page continues from page 104, the argument that an all-powerful invisible God was never heard or seen, citing multiple scriptures supporting this, then contrasting them with passages where God is seen directly (Exodus 33:23, Genesis 32:30, Exodus 24:9). James asks: do you see any contradiction? He then returns to Second Peter 1:20, that men spoke as directed by the Holy Ghost so we cannot put our own interpretation on scripture, then closes with a contradiction: Second Samuel 6:23 says Michal daughter of Saul had no child unto her death, but the page ends mid-sentence.

The right page opens with the contradiction completed: 2 Samuel 21:8 says she had five sons. James then continues his list of Gospel contradictions, whether John was Elias, who was Joseph’s father (Jacob or Heli), who killed Christ (Jews or Gentiles), what hour Christ died (6th or 3rd), what he was given to drink (wine with myrrh or vinegar with gall), whether Judas kept the money or the priests used it to buy a field, and whether Judas bought the field himself. These are among the most frequently cited textual contradictions in Gospel scholarship. The page ends mid-sentence.

Field Book No. 704, pages 107–108

Field Book No. 704, pages 107–108

Transcription:
Left page — by falling in a Pit. then he Did not hang himself. Whear was Christ taken up. acts C. 1 V. 12. it was at olivet but Luke C. 24 V. 50. 51 Says it was at Bethany. and mark Says it was Whil the Eleven was at meat. Se mark C. 16 V. 14 to 19 — matthew C. 9 V. 13 we will not Know the Day the Lord Came. but first Thesilions C. 5 V. 1. 2. 3. 4 Says we will not be in the Dark as to this Day. Peter Says God is no Respecter of Persons. acts C. 10 V. 34 but Read Romans C. 9 V. 10 to 13 and V. 18 — well They Could not beleve. Elias Says God hardened there Hearts. Blinded there Eyes. Could not understand with there hearts. and be Converted. John C. 12 V. 39. 40 — if God Knows all Things. why Didnt<br>Right page — Ancara the Capt of Turkey — Hitler marched in Athens April the 27 1941 — he Know they would have there Children Pass Through the fire Read Jeremiah C. 32 V. 35. the bottom of the Sea is out of Sight of God. Read Amos C. 9 V. 3 the Lord Sturs up Trouble — Se Second Chron C. 36 V. 22 Se Isaiah C. 13 V. 16. 17. 18 Read C. 28 V. 7. 8. Then Se Jirmiah C. 13 — V. 13. 14 — God makes Them Drunk. — God Says — V. 14 C. 14 They Prophets Tell lies. well why Did he Put a lying Spirit in there mouth Se first Kings C. 22 V. 22. 23. Second Sam C. 24 V. 1 Say the lord Provoked David to Say the number Israel. but first number Israel. but first number C. 21 V. 1 Says it was Satan — Second C. 21 V. 1 Says it was both the Same more.

Notes:
The left page continues the biblical contradiction catalogue from page 106, completing the Judas entry, Judas died by falling in a pit, not hanging himself. Then the question of where Christ ascended: Acts says Olivet, Luke says Bethany, Mark says while the Eleven were at meat. Matthew 9:13 says we will not know the day the Lord came, but First Thessalonians says we will not be in the dark about it. God is no respecter of persons (Acts 10:34) but Romans 9 contradicts this. God hardened hearts so people could not believe — then why are they blamed for not believing? The page ends mid-sentence.

The right page opens with Ankara as the capital of Turkey and Hitler marching into Athens on 27 April 1941. James then returns to theology: God knowing children would be passed through fire yet allowing it; the bottom of the sea being out of God’s sight (Amos 9:3); God stirring up trouble; God making prophets drunk and causing them to tell lies, then why did he put a lying spirit in their mouths? The page closes with a contradiction between Second Samuel 24:1 (God provoked David to number Israel) and First Chronicles 21:1 (it was Satan), a classic biblical contradiction James noted earlier in the journal.

Field Book No. 704, pages 109–110

Field Book No. 704, pages 109–110

Transcription:
Left page — matthew C. Say Christ Road through Jerusalem. on an ass and a colt how could he ride 2 at once. C. 21 V. 7. But mark C. 11 V. 4 to 8 Says it was Just a Colt. now What I want to know is Did he Go Through on his ass. or did he Go Through on a Colt without his ass. — Second Kings C. 2 V. 1 and V. 11 Says Elijah went up to heaven. but John C. 3 V. 13 Says no man Ever went up but Christ — first Chron C. 21 V. 25 Say David Paid 600 Shekels of Gold not Silver for the Thrashing floor. but Second Sam C. 24 V. 24 Says he only Paid 50 Shekels of Silver not Gold and Got the Open Thresher in. Did a God Dictate the Bible — Second Kings C. 8 V. Ahaziah. was 22. years of age when he began To Reign King. but Second Chron C. 22 V. 2 Says he was 42<br>Right page — Read Second Kings C. 18 V. 27 Read Ezek C. 4 what God Gave Them to ate. — Se Second Chron C. 21 V. 17 Jehoahaz was the youngest Son. but C. 22 V. 1 it was Ahaziah was the youngest Son. — Did Jehovah Ever tell a lie Read Exodus. C. 6 V. 8 hear. he Read Exodus. C. 6 V. 8 hear. he Swore a lie. he Swore he would Give this land to Abraham and Jacob. but they never Set foot on it Read acts. C. 7 V. 4. 5 — John C. 19 Say Christ Died on a Cross. but Peter Says they hanged him on a Tree Se acts C. 5 V. 30 Se acts C. 10 V. 39 Read C. 13 V. 30 Read Galatians C. 3 V. 13 — Did moses and Aaron and 70 Elders See God Exodus C. 24 V. 9 10 John C. 1 V. 18 Says no man Ever Seen God. if he is invisible no one Can Se him. God or Jehovah hardened Thoms heart To Cause all the Trouble. if God Knows all why Put The Blood on the Doors of all Israel He Says So he Could Pass

Notes:
Both pages continue James’s sustained biblical inquiry. The left page focuses on contradictions about physical facts: how Christ rode both an ass and a colt simultaneously; Elijah ascending to heaven when John says no man ever went up; David paying 600 shekels of gold or 50 shekels of silver for the threshing floor; Ahaziah being 22 or 42 when he began to reign. Each contradiction is cited. James’s central question, did a God dictate the Bible, is stated plainly.

The right page continues with Jehoahaz versus Ahaziah as the youngest son; God swearing to give Abraham and Jacob the land of Canaan but they never set foot on it; Christ dying on a cross (John) versus being hanged on a tree (Peter/Acts/Galatians); Moses and Aaron and 70 elders seeing God (Exodus 24) versus no man ever seeing God (John 1:18). The page closes mid-sentence on one of the most famous questions in Exodus, if God knows all things, why did he need blood on the doors of Israel to know which houses to pass over?

Field Book No. 704, pages 111–112

Field Book No. 704, pages 111–112

Transcription:
Left page — Thom up when he Killed all the first Born in Egypt. and if he Knows all how Could Adam and Eve hide from him. and why Did the Sun Stand Still when it is not the Sun that Runs. it is the Earth. Why beleve There is a God when no one has Ever Seen him what Proof have we That There is a God?. You Say the Bible Well if There is no other Proof Then the Bible we have none. you Can Proove Eny all Things by the bible Even That white is BLACK. — I wont Take it for Proof of a God. or a Son of God.<br>Right page — act C. 22 V. 9 Says The Peope heard not The Voice. but C. 9 V. 7 Says they Did hear The Voice. and That They Stood Speechless but C. 20 V. 14 Says they Did not Stand Speechless they were all fallen to the Earth when they heard the Voice. — is This what Paul lied about Se Romans. C. 3 V. 7. The fitle Says There is to be a Resirection but Job Says when we Go to the Grave we Come up no more Read Job C. 10 V. 21 and C. 7 V. 9. 10 God Destroys the Perfect and the wicked. C. 9 V. 22 The only Diference of the Living and the Dead. The Living know they have To Die. but The Dead Dont Know Eny Thing neither Do They have Eny Reward Ecclesiastes C. 9 V. 5 — Read John C. 5 V. 31 and C. 8 V. 14 Se if Christ Contradicts him Self. his Recard is True and it is not True. he Says.

Notes:
The left page brings James’s extended biblical inquiry to its conclusion. The final question, if God knows all things, why did he need blood on the doors, is completed with: so he could pass over when he killed all the firstborn in Egypt. Then: if God knows all, how could Adam and Eve hide from him? And why did the sun stand still when it is the earth that moves, not the sun? The argument reaches its summit: what proof do we have that there is a God? If the only proof is the Bible, that proves nothing, you can prove anything by the Bible, even that white is black. James’s conclusion is stated plainly and without apology: “I wont Take it for Proof of a God. or a Son of God.”

The right page continues with Paul’s companions on the road to Damascus hearing or not hearing the voice (Acts 9:7 vs. 22:9), and standing speechless or falling to the earth (another contradiction). Paul lying about it (Romans 3:7). Whether there is a resurrection (the title says yes) but Job says when we go to the grave we come up no more (Job 10:21, 7:9-10). God destroying both the perfect and the wicked alike. The only difference between the living and the dead: the living know they will die, but the dead know nothing and have no reward (Ecclesiastes 9:5). The page closes with Christ contradicting himself, John 5:31 says his record is not true, John 8:14 says it is.

Field Book No. 704, pages 113–114

Field Book No. 704, pages 113–114

Transcription:
Left page — July the 4 1941 — Senitor Repur and Senitor Wheear Spoke on the war. — President Franklin Roosevelt Speake at 1. oclock the 4 of July 1941<br>Right page — Bulgeary March the 4 of July 15 — X Fals Prophet — Burnard Shaw Saying Hitler would not atact Rushia he was a fals Prophet — Sen this in a morning Picture Show in San Francisco 1941 — Comele Said There was Prophet besides Joseph Smith — 7


Notes:
The left page records the 4th of July 1941: two senators, Pepper and Wheeler, spoke on the war, and President Franklin Roosevelt spoke at 1 o’clock. Senator Claude Pepper of Florida was a strong interventionist; Senator Burton Wheeler of Montana was a prominent isolationist, two opposing voices on the war James was following.

The right page opens with Bulgaria and a date reference. Then a marked entry, James puts an X beside “Fals Prophet” recording that George Bernard Shaw had predicted Hitler would not attack Russia. Since Hitler invaded Russia on 22 June 1941, Shaw was proved wrong. James saw this in a morning picture show (newsreel) in San Francisco in 1941 and marked Shaw as a false prophet accordingly. The final entry records someone named Comele saying there was a prophet besides Joseph Smith, a reference to LDS prophetic succession or a discussion James had or heard. The number 7 at the bottom may be a page count or unrelated notation.

Field Book No. 704, pages 115–116

Field Book No. 704, pages 115–116

Transcription:
Left page — Aug the 1 1940 at 11 5/12 min 7 min late — The first Carmushel air Liner to land in Red Bluff Passengers 21. a Crue of 5 — Capt. Cart. Stevens the main Pilot. — The Plain has a wing Speed of 95 feet flys at Speed of 190 miles Per Hour — Rhundalf. Hess. landed his Plain May the 10 1941 and Died Dec the 10 20 1945 he was hanged.<br>Right page — Congress meets in the 77 Congress Jan the 3 on Friday 1941 — The China wall is 1400 miles long. — Vicinitiers in Mexico is Cue Boys. — Mothers Day 1942 will be the 11 — in 17.76 The Population was 4.000.000 in 1941 is 1.30[0.000?]


Notes:
The left page opens with a precise local entry: on 1 August 1940, the first commercial airliner landed in Red Bluff, California, 7 minutes late, at 11:05 A.M., with 21 passengers and a crew of 5, piloted by Captain Cart. Stevens. The plane had a 95-foot wingspan and flew at 190 miles per hour. James recorded this local aviation milestone with characteristic precision.

Then Rudolf Hess, James writes “Rhundalf Hess” who landed his plane in Scotland on 10 May 1941 in a solo unauthorized flight, apparently attempting to negotiate peace. James notes he died 10 December 1945 and was hanged, though Hess was actually sentenced to life imprisonment at Nuremberg and died in 1987. James may have confused him with other Nazi leaders executed at Nuremberg.

The right page records the 77th Congress convening on Friday 3 January 1941. The Great Wall of China is 1,400 miles long. Vaqueros in Mexico are cowboys. Mother’s Day 1942 will be the 11th. The US population was 4,000,000 in 1776 and 130,000,000 in 1941, James tracking the population growth of the nation across 165 years.

Field Book No. 704, pages 117–118

Field Book No. 704, pages 117–118

Transcription:
Left page — [Surveyor’s data only], Right page — [Surveyor’s data only]

Notes:
Both pages are dense surveyor’s data, station numbers, bearings, latitudes, departures, sines, cosines, and distances. James left these pages entirely untouched.

Field Book No. 704, pages 119–120

Field Book No. 704, pages 119–120

Transcription:
Left page — [Surveyor’s data only — faint/largely illegible]<br>Right page — May the 11 1940 1938 — The New Yorks Worlds Fair opened may the 11 1940 — Doctor. Cook who Claimed he found the North Pole in 1908 Died aug the 6 1940 — George Washington maried. mistres Mary H. Cruster She was a widdow

Notes:
The left page has faint surveyor’s data largely illegible in this photograph. The right page has three distinct entries. The New York World’s Fair opened 11 May 1940, this was actually the second season of the 1939–1940 World’s Fair, which reopened on 11 May 1940 after its inaugural 1939 season; the date at the top also shows 1938 which may be a separate earlier notation. Dr. Frederick Cook, who claimed to have reached the North Pole in 1908, a claim disputed by Robert Peary and largely discredited, died 6 August 1940. George Washington married widow Martha Dandridge Custis, James writes her name as Mary H. Cruster, a phonetic approximation of Martha Custis.

Field Book No. 704, pages 121–122

Field Book No. 704, pages 121–122

Transcription:
Left page — Feb the 5 1938 — Mr. James R. Meredith Paid to Mrs. James R. Meredith the Sum of five Dol $5.00 — April the 3 five Dal $5.00 — June the 4 Seven Dal $7.00 — aug. the 4 Seven Dal $7.00 — Nov the 5 five Dal $5.00 — Jan the 4 1939. five Dal $5.00 — March the 5 five Dal $5.00 — May the 5 five Dal $5.00 — July the 6 Seven Dal $7.00 — Sept the 6 Eight Dal $8.00 — Dec the 4 five Dal $5.00 — This Paid on one Wedding Ring. — Etta Meredith<br>Right page — [1941 — Etta Meredith — faint account entries largely illegible — butter and cream entries] 12. / 12. / 60 / [further entries illegible]

Notes:
The left page has personal financial records. Beginning 5 February 1938, James records installment payments to Mrs. Etta Meredith, his own wife, ranging from $5 to $8, made every two months through December 1939. The total comes to $64. The final line reveals the purpose: “This Paid on one Wedding Ring.” Signed Etta Meredith. James was paying for Etta’s wedding ring on an installment plan, recording each payment carefully in the surveyor’s field book, with Etta’s own signature as acknowledgment. They had married in June 1936; he was still paying for her ring two years later.

The right page has a 1941 account header for Etta Meredith with faint entries for butter and cream, suggesting Etta was keeping her own small dairy account in the same journal, but the entries are largely illegible in this photograph.

Field Book No. 704, pages 123–124

Field Book No. 704, pages 123–124

Transcription:
Left page — [Blank]<br>Right page — D. M. Bennett — 141 Eighth Street — New York

Notes:
The left page is blank. The right page has a single address entry: D. M. Bennett, 141 Eighth Street, New York. DeRobigne Mortimer Bennett (1818–1882) was a prominent American freethinker, publisher of the freethought journal “The Truth Seeker,” and founder of the National Liberal League. He was imprisoned under the Comstock Laws for distributing freethought literature. Given James’s sustained theological inquiry throughout the journal, his methodical questioning of biblical authority, divine omnipotence, and institutional religion, it is entirely possible he was familiar with Bennett’s freethought tradition. However, Bennett died decades before James would have been writing in this journal, so this may be a publisher’s address James copied from a publication rather than a personal contact.

Field Book No. 704, pages 125–126

Field Book No. 704, pages 125–126

Transcription:
Left page — March the 6 1941 X — J. R. Meredith Paid Jan the 8 5.00 Feb the Paid 10.00 — March the 7 Paid 5 to Stores — Roffuck and Cash 2.29 cts — Tattle $. 1729 — March the 20 1941 Paid $5.00 with Cooper to Corneal. Lowell paid $B3429 — April the 6 Cash 500 — Ticket to San Rafael 39.29 — 1.80 — 41.09 — 37.58 — 4.59<br>Right page — Oct the 1940 — Mrs Etta Meredith is Mr J. R. Meredith — Dent for Sept Tanks $10.00 — Nov the Cash — Paid on Roofing $12.00 — To wattenberger. — March the 3 Lowell — Etta Meredith $20.00 — $32.00 — The Whilgs was Repuflints — the Torys was Democrats

Notes:
The left page is a personal financial account from early 1941. James records payments through January, February, and March, to stores, to someone named Roffuck, and on 20 March 1941 paying $5 with Cooper to Corneal (Charles Raymond Lowell, paying $34.29 total). A ticket to San Rafael cost $39.29, with running totals showing James carefully tracking his finances. The page is marked with an X at the top, suggesting it was later reviewed or settled.

The right page opens with an October 1940 account in Etta’s name. Payments recorded include $10 for September tanks (likely fuel or water), $12 paid on roofing to someone named Wattenberger, and $20 to Lowell, total $32. The final two lines return to political history: the Whigs were Republicans, the Tories were Democrats, James noting the evolution of American party names from the colonial and early republic era.

Field Book No. 704, pages 127–128

Field Book No. 704, pages 127–128

Transcription:
Left page — The Republican Party was Whig Party up to 1852 Then was James Bucanon the first Republican President — The Democrats was Known as Tory Party. — The Liberty Bell was made in London in the year of 1752 — William Boothe was the founder of the Salvation army in East End Lundon<br>Right page — James R. Meredith’s Father was Born in the year of 1803 in Shanicory Valy V.a his name was James. Meredith — 1941 finds me well and I am very Thankfull. I am in Lakeport Calif.

Notes:
The left page continues the party history notes from page 126, the Republican Party was the Whig Party until 1852, with James Buchanan as the first Republican president (actually Buchanan was a Democrat; Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president, but James may be conflating the transition period). The Democrats were known as the Tory Party. The Liberty Bell was made in London in 1752, correct, it was cast at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London. William Booth founded the Salvation Army in the East End of London, correct, in 1865.

The right page is one of the a revealing entry in the journal. James records his father’s birth in 1803 in Shanicory Valley, Virginia, his name was James Meredith, consistent with the autobiography recorded on pages 85–86. Then a quiet personal statement: “1941 finds me well and I am very Thankfull. I am in Lakeport Calif.” James writing in his seventies, in the middle of a world war, grateful to be alive and well.

Field Book No. 704, pages 129–130

Field Book No. 704, pages 129–130

Transcription:
Left page — March the 1940 — Mrs Lowell is Due — J.R. Meredith Cash $15.00 — Eggs 21. Doz 16.75 — Chicken 6.00 — 75[cents] — Convention at Pa — Windel Louis Wilke was anominated for the Republican President in Chigo Ill The Democrat Convention anominated Pres Roosevelt for Pres. See walis for Vice July the 18 1940<br>Right page — Sacramento Calif one Hundred years old aug the 7 1939 — 17 of Sept 1787 Constitution — China’s 4 of July is Oct the 10 1940 — Old Xmas is Jan the 6 Comes on Sunday Jan the 5 1941

Notes:
The left page opens with a March 1940 financial account: Mrs. Lowell is due, James received $15 cash, sold 21 dozen eggs for $16.75 and chicken for 75 cents. Then the 1940 Republican convention in Philadelphia nominated Wendell Lewis Willkie, while the Democratic convention in Chicago nominated Roosevelt for president with Wallace (James writes “walis”) for vice president on 18 July 1940.

The right page records Sacramento, California celebrating its centennial on 7 August 1939, the city was founded in 1839. The Constitution was signed 17 September 1787, correct. China’s national day is 10 October, the anniversary of the 1911 Wuchang Uprising that launched the Republic of China; James dates this to 1940. Old Christmas falls on 6 January, the traditional Epiphany date, and James notes it falls on Sunday in 1941.

Field Book No. 704, pages 131–132

Field Book No. 704, pages 131–132

Transcription:
Left page — May the 23 1939 USA — Submarene went down and the Cause was a Stuck Valve. 59 men in it. The Squalais may the 24 first men Brought up 7 men — Second 9 — 3 — 9 — 48 Total Saved 33. Lost 26 — Britten sub went down lost 63 men — French Sub Frenett went down losing all men — This in Portsmouth New Hampshire in the Atlantic Ocean. the first Rescue from a Submareen. [bottom] 32 — 27 missing<br>Right page — Jan the 15 1938 Lakeport Calif — James R. Meredith has 4 Children — 27 Gran Children — 29 Grate Gran Children — Se on the other Side. — Langley the first to try a air Plain — the Write Boys first to fly in a motor Plane.

Notes:
The left page records the sinking of the USS Squalus on 23 May 1939, the same disaster James referenced on pages 73–74 when recording the loss of the O-9. Here he gives the fuller account: the cause was a stuck valve, 59 men aboard, the first men brought up on the 24th, total saved 33, lost 26 — accurate figures. He also notes a British submarine losing 63 men and a French submarine (the Phenix) going down with all hands, all in Portsmouth, New Hampshire waters, though the British and French losses were separate incidents. James calls this the first rescue from a submarine, the Squalus rescue was indeed a landmark in submarine rescue history.

The right page is another significant personal entry dated 15 January 1938 in Lakeport: James R. Meredith has 4 children, 27 grandchildren, and 29 great-grandchildren. Then two aviation pioneers: Samuel Langley, who was first to attempt powered flight, and the Wright Brothers, who were first to successfully fly a motor plane, James correctly distinguishing between the attempt and the achievement.

Field Book No. 704, pages 133–134

Field Book No. 704, pages 133–134

Transcription:
Left page — Jan the 16 1938 Lakeport Calif — R.L.R.’s Gran Children — Bulah has Boys Mary has 4 — anny has 6 — Edith has 2 — Orson has 2 — R.L.R has Children 5 — Total 14 — Jack. R. Children — Hobert. Milo is one Paul is Hairs and Baby Jack — 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 — Total 5 — Tom. R. Children — Virginia 1 Wborn 1 Jala 1 Sydney 1 Carma 1 Howard 1 — Total 6 — Fanny. R. has Florence Tillim. Cathuren. Jimmie Virginia. Billie. Arvil albert arthur Fillis — Total 10 — R.L.R. has Children no. 5<br>Right page — The Pilgrims Came over may 16.20 — Life PAYMENTS ACT — was Presented to God above 1000000 Peticions asking for a Special Election May the 18 1939 in Sacramento Calif — independence Signed July the 4 in 17.76 — Wiley Post was Killed with Will Rogers

Notes:
The left page is a detailed family census in the journal, dated 16 January 1938. James is counting his grandchildren through his children Robert Leonard Ross (R.L.R.), Jack Ross, Tom Ross, and Fanny Ross. Bulah has boys, Mary has 4, Anny has 6, Edith has 2, Orson has 2, totaling 14 grandchildren through Robert’s line. Jack’s children include Hobert, Milo, Paul, and Baby Jack, 5 total. Tom’s children: Virginia, one born, Jala, Sydney, Carma, Howard, 6 total. Fanny’s children: Florence, Tillim, Catherine, Jimmie, Virginia, Billie, Arvil, Albert, Arthur, Fillis, 10 total. This cross-references the 27 grandchildren recorded on the previous page.

The right page notes the Pilgrims came over in May 1620. The Life Payments Act, the Townsend Plan, a Depression-era old age pension scheme, gathered over one million petition signatures calling for a special election on 18 May 1939 in Sacramento. Independence signed 4 July 1776. Wiley Post was killed with Will Rogers, in the plane crash at Point Barrow, Alaska on 15 August 1935, noted elsewhere in the journal.

Field Book No. 704, pages 135–136

Field Book No. 704, pages 135–136

Transcription:
Left page — Amelia ahart dropped out of Sight in 1937 — X X X — McDonald Purgied testimony Sent Mooney to Prison 4 years later on his Death Bed. Said he had Swore falce on Mooney — Chamberlin went to Rome Jan the 10 1939 was there 4 days — Hitler Taken Che[c]ko Slovsack March the 14 1939<br>Right page — King. the George and Elisebeth Come Home to U.S.A June the 8 1939 the first Ever To tour the U.S.A. — Churchhill is a Singles Jew. — Ma[?] M[?] on the Toom of the unknown Soldier at Arlington Va

Notes:
The left page opens with Amelia Earhart dropping out of sight in 1937, her disappearance over the Pacific on 2 July 1937 during her attempted circumnavigation. The three X marks suggest James found this entry significant. Then the McDonald/Mooney entry, connecting to the Tom Mooney case recorded on pages 55–56: McDonald purified his testimony, having sent Mooney to prison, and on his deathbed confessed he had sworn falsely against Mooney. Chamberlain went to Rome on 10 January 1939 and was there four days, one of his diplomatic missions. Hitler took Czechoslovakia on 14 March 1939, the occupation of the Czech state.

The right page records King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visiting the United States in June 1939, the first reigning British monarchs ever to tour the USA. Churchill is called a Singles Jew, James apparently heard or read a claim about Churchill’s ancestry. The bottom entries mention a tomb or ceremony at Arlington, Virginia, apparently at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, but the entries are partially cut off.

Field Book No. 704, pages 137–138

Field Book No. 704, pages 137–138

Transcription:
Left page — Eggs Sold $3 — Doz 3 66cts 2.70 — Feb the 20 1940 — Plowing $20 — 1 day — 21 1 day — 22 — 23 — 24 — Roy Williams was Killed July the 15 1940 in a Car Mishap<br>Right page — the 7 King Edward Give up his King Ship To his Bro. King George the 6 — Will Lowell Due J.R. Meredith Cash — $15.00 — Eggs march the 16 1940 3.00 — Doz 21. 15 Ch. Ro. Doz 18.75 — one Chicken 75 — 21 / 15 / 105 / 215 / 3.15 / 75 — Due yet 3.90 — Joe Louis’s wife name is Marvy. Trater

Notes:
The left page records egg sales, 3 dozen at 66 cents, total $2.70, and plowing work on 20 and 21 February 1940 at $20 per day. Roy Williams was killed in a car accident on 15 July 1940, a local community member James was tracking.

The right page opens with King Edward VIII abdicating, giving up his kingship to his brother King George VI. Then a financial account: C.R. Lowell owed James $15 cash, plus egg and chicken sales on 16 March 1940, with a running total showing $3.90 still due. The final entry records Joe Louis’s wife’s name as Marvy Trater, Joe Louis married Marva Trotter in 1935; James renders her name phonetically as Marvy Trater.

Field Book No. 704, pages 139–140

Field Book No. 704, pages 139–140

Transcription:
Left page — Aug the 15 1939 9.30 PM — Train Reck in Nevada Killing 23 injured 108 — Hitler’s army Struck at Poland. Sept the 1 1939 — Sept the 2 in Poland — France Started in war 2 PM Sept the 3 1939 and England Too — The longest word in the Dictionary Smiles. the first is S. the last is S and a mile in the Middle<br>Right page — The Whigs was what is now Republicans — the Torys was what is now Democrats. — F. H. Shoemaker. Spoke for Ham and Eggs — Thomas B Shoemaker was the Gov. Lawyer against Bridges in San Francisco — The first Thanks Given Day was aug 16 1621 — F.D. Roosevelt Changed it from The last Thursday to nov. 23 30

Notes:
The left page opens with a Nevada train wreck on 15 August 1939 at 9:30 PM, killing 23 and injuring 108. Then James records the opening of World War II in real time: Hitler struck Poland 1 September 1939, France entered the war at 2 PM on 3 September 1939, and England too. Then a well-known wordplay joke, the longest word in the dictionary is smiles because there is a mile between the first and last letter.

The right page continues the party history notes. F.H. Shoemaker spoke for Ham and Eggs, the California Ham and Eggs pension initiative that appeared on the 1938 and 1939 ballots. Thomas B. Shoemaker was the government lawyer against Harry Bridges in San Francisco, the longshore union leader whose deportation trial was a major labor and political event of the era. The first Thanksgiving was 16 August 1621, James has the date slightly off. Roosevelt changed Thanksgiving from the last Thursday to the 23rd or 30th of November, James recording the Thanksgiving date controversy of 1939–1941 when Roosevelt moved the holiday to the third Thursday to extend the Christmas shopping season.

Field Book No. 704, pages 141–142

Field Book No. 704, pages 141–142

Transcription:
Left page — Districts — Congressional 1 st — Assembly 5 st — Senatorial the 14 — Mount Whitney is the Highest Point in USA — John Wickleft first Translated the Bible — Birth of the Constitution of the USA 1788 June the 21 — Huse Flew to Paris in 16 38 Min Hours 16 min 38 Landed July the 11 — 1938<br>Right page — Lin Burg was 33 Hours 30 min There was no air mail until 1918 — June the 29 1939 — Mr. Willis Owens was Killed by a Car as he Stept off a Street Car — Mrs. Hanna Willson is the wife of Jack. Dempsy — The natshinial flaur is the Golden Rod

Notes:
The left page opens with James’s voting districts, Congressional 1st, Assembly 5th, Senatorial 14th, placing him in Lake County’s electoral precincts. Mount Whitney is the highest point in the USA, correct. John Wycliffe first translated the Bible, correct, in the 14th century. The Constitution was born 21 June 1788, the date New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify, making it official. Then someone named Huse flew to Paris in 16 hours 38 minutes, landing 11 July 1938.

The right page notes Lindbergh’s transatlantic flight took 33 hours 30 minutes, and there was no airmail until 1918. On 29 June 1939, Mr. Willis Owens was killed by a car as he stepped off a streetcar, a local or regional news item James recorded. Mrs. Hanna Wilson is the wife of Jack Dempsey, Dempsey’s second wife was Estelle Taylor, and his third was Hannah Williams; James writes her as Hanna Willson. The national flower is the Golden Rod, goldenrod was a popular candidate for national flower in this era though never officially adopted.

Field Book No. 704, pages 143–144

Field Book No. 704, pages 143–144

Transcription:
Left page — Jan the 1938 Etta Bill of Grub — pan cake 60 Mush 29 Tumble 15 — 22 — 25 — [totals] 60 / 29 / 15 / 104 / 100 / 44 — 2.48 — Work for Mr. Russell — April the 25 1938 — 26 Hours 7 — 26 Hours 7 — 27 Hours 5 — 29 Hours 6 — May the 17 1938 — 2 Hours 4 $10. — Mr. Hazle — May the 16 1934 — 6 Hours 9 — 9 Hours 9 / 10 — 10 — 11 Hours 10 — $13.30 — Total 14.90<br>Right page — Jan the 1938 Grub Bill — Jan the 11 Bacon 39 ct Bred 10 Sugar 8 — 17 — Lard 67 — 19 Bread Bacon 33 — 10 / 16 — 25 Tilley Paper — 6 — 29 Bread Soda buter warts — 25 / 39 — 1.56 — multon — 105 — 11 — 100 — The State of Nebraska is State midway between Atlantic ocean and To Pacific — [account totals] 35 / 29 / 40 / 315 / 1065 / 15 — 1330 / 10 15 — 147

Notes:
The left page records Etta’s grocery bill from January 1938, pancakes, mush, and tumble (possibly a baked good) totaling $2.48. Then James’s work record for Mr. Russell in April–May 1938, logging hours each day at approximately $10 total. Then work for Mr. Hazle in May 1934, notably an earlier date, confirming James was using the book non-sequentially, logging hours from the 6th through the 11th, totaling $13.30 and then $14.90.

The right page is Etta’s detailed January 1938 grocery bill: bacon, bread, sugar, lard, bread, bacon again, toilet paper, bread, soda, butter, mutton, a window into their weekly household expenses in Lakeport. The total works out to approximately $1.56 plus additional items. Then a geographical fact: Nebraska is the state midway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, followed by more account totals.

Field Book No. 704, pages 145–146

Field Book No. 704, pages 145–146

Transcription:
Left page — Jan the 22 1938 — Joe Hyman — 22 — he droped dead. That night — Flud no 3 Feb the 13 1938 — Presidents droped their first names — President Willson name was Herman. Willson — John. Calvin. Coolidge — Mr. and Mrs. James R. Meredith Spent Thanks Givin at Home alone. Lakeport Calif 1938 — Nov the 25 — Evelyn Collier 710 L St Sac<br>Right page — [Printed surveyor’s reference table — Tangents and Externals to a 1° Curve — pre-printed in the field book, not James’s writing]

Notes:
The left page opens with Joe Hyman dropping dead on 22 January 1938, a local Lakeport community member. Flood No. 3 on 13 February 1938, the third in the series of California floods James tracked that winter. Then a note on presidents dropping their first names, Woodrow Wilson’s full name was Thomas Woodrow Wilson, and James correctly notes John Calvin Coolidge used his middle name Calvin. A personal entry: James and Etta spent Thanksgiving 1938 at home alone in Lakeport on 25 November, a quiet counterpoint to the Christmas entries showing them with C.R. Lowell. Finally Evelyn Collier’s address, 710 L Street, Sacramento, confirming the address recorded in the photographs tucked into the front of the journal.

The right page is the pre-printed Tangents and Externals to a 1° Curve reference table, printed in the field book by the A. Lietz Company. This is manufacturer’s content, not James’s writing.


James Thomas Ross/Meredith acquired a surveyor’s field book sometime in the mid-1930s and used it for the rest of his life. He was not a surveyor. The traverse data, bearings, and station distances already filling many pages when he got it were none of his doing. He simply opened the book wherever he found space and wrote whatever was on his mind. The result is one of the most complete portraits of a working-class American mind in the Depression and World War II era that a family archive is likely to yield.

The journal spans roughly 1934 to 1946, with the heaviest concentration of entries from 1937 to 1942. James was living in Lakeport, California for most of this period, having come to California in November 1930 after decades in West Virginia, Idaho, and Oregon. He was in his late sixties and seventies. He received his first old age assistance payment, $35, on 14 January 1938, the same month he bought a Jersey cow for $50 and began selling milk and butter to neighbors. He operated a small dairy with multiple customers through much of 1938, recording every transaction: 10 cents a quart to Mrs. Russell, 10 cents a day to Mr. Vandudon, butter to Mrs. McCutchon at 18 cents a pound. He worked as a day laborer for C.R. Lowell in August and September 1944 at $3.33 per day, recording each day in the same careful columns. He was 74 years old.

The journal is also a family record. On page 7 James wrote down his own birth year, 1869 or 1868, Pulaski County, Virginia, hedging even on that. Pages 85 and 86 contain his autobiography in miniature: his name at birth was James Thomas Ross; when adopted by his father James Meredith, the court made his name James Ross Meredith; everyone called him Ross. His mother was Nancy Adline Ross, born July 1843 in Newbern, Pulaski, Virginia, died 1924 in Radford, Montgomery County. His father James Meredith was born 1803 and died 17 February 1889. He confirmed the dual-surname situation that had puzzled the family genealogy for generations, recording that he signed papers as Ross and as Meredith and both were accepted, because the attorney knew the two names belonged to the same man.

The family entries accumulate across dozens of pages. On 16 January 1938 James counted: four children, 27 grandchildren, 29 great-grandchildren. He listed the grandchildren by family line, Robert’s five children had 14 grandchildren between them, Fanny’s ten children appear by name. He recorded Robert Leonard Ross leaving after an 18-day Christmas visit in December 1937, Eugene Dale Ross Sr. visiting in February 1938. He noted Evelyn Collier’s Sacramento address, 710 L Street, the same Evelyn whose photographs he had tucked into the front of the book. He paid for Etta’s wedding ring on installment, $5 to $8 every two months from February 1938 through December 1939, a total of $64, with Etta signing in acknowledgment. They had been married since June 1936. He was still paying.

The war years run through nearly every page. James followed the news with the attention of a man who had lived through the Spanish-American War, the First World War, and the Depression and knew that history happened to ordinary people. He recorded the sinking of the Squalus in May 1939, the fall of Poland in September 1939, the fall of France and Paris in June 1940, Hitler’s invasion of Russia in June 1941, Pearl Harbor implied in the shift in tone of subsequent entries, the shelling of Fort Stevens on the Oregon Coast in June 1942, the Italian armistice, Roosevelt’s death in April 1945, Patton’s death in December 1945, Hirohito’s renunciation of divinity on 30 December 1945. He tracked the Tripartite Pact, Bulgaria joining the Axis, the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, Wendell Willkie’s nomination, Roosevelt’s four elections and death. He noted Reed Smoot’s death in Florida in February 1941. He recorded his own age, 76, in his eulogy for Roosevelt, signed 13 April 1945 in San Rafael, California, calling him a wonderful good man, a man of feeling, and placing him at the head of all presidents.

The theological inquiry running from pages 45 through 113 is the most unexpected and sustained writing in the journal. James worked through the Bible the way he worked through everything, methodically, with citations, inviting the reader to draw their own conclusions. He catalogued contradictions between the Gospels on nearly every major event: the flight into Egypt versus the presentation in Jerusalem, the number of women at the sepulcher, the hour of the crucifixion, what Christ was given to drink, who killed him, where he ascended. He listed Old Testament laws on slavery, human sacrifice, and the killing of children and asked whether the reader would want to live under them. He argued that if God made everything he made Satan, and if he is all-powerful why did he not simply make all men good. He cited Judges 1:19, God could not drive out the people of the valley because they had chariots of iron, as proof that God is not omnipotent. He compared Jehovah to the Japanese Emperor Hirohito, who admitted his divinity was a fake. He closed with Pries Craft. And yet he had declared at the outset, on page 47, that we are forbidden to put our own interpretation on scripture, we must accept it as written by men directed by God. He was not rejecting the Bible. He was reading it exactly as written, and asking what it actually said.

The journal ends where it began, with pre-printed surveyor’s tables, the manufacturer’s content that gave the book its original purpose. In between are Etta’s grocery bills, a recipe for curing meat, the World Series inning by inning, the day Chamberlain flew to see Hitler, the day James first received his old age pension, his philosophy stated plainly: I believe in working in stead of weeping. Take Things as they Come with a Smile. Do all the Good you Can to others. and you will be happy. The last Christmas dinner he and Etta had together was in San Rafael in 1945. They had turkey. She died 21 February 1946 in Phoenix. They had lived together 9 years and 7 months.

It is a working man’s record. But it is his voice, in his hand, and it is more than this researcher has ever had before.

Authority and the Priesthood

I served as a missionary for the church from 1998-2000 in the Manchester England Mission. I am still an Elder, but my missionary work is more limited in scope, venue, and time.

Recently, an investigator was asking why the need for authority. He felt his baptism was just as valid as the LDS baptism.

It reminded me of a portion of a talk I carried around as a missionary. The talk was given by Boyd K. Packer at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, 3 February 1980. The talk has many good points, but I focus on the copy I carried when discussing the priesthood.

Our MTC District, I only know four of the 11. From l-r, #5 is Elder Olson, #9 Elder Scow, #10 Elder Young, #11 Elder Ross. The rest were going to Peoria, Illinois if I remember correctly.

“Consider this illustration.

“Suppose an agent came to you with a real bargain in insurance. He claims that his policy offers complete protection. He talks of generous coverage, very low premiums, no penalties for making a claim—even a heavy claim. Other features make the policy look better than any you have considered before. He tells you of the company he claims to represent. You know it to be very reputable. You study the policy and find more offered to you, with less required of you, than any policy you have looked at before. You check carefully on the company and come away satisfied that they are indeed reputable. They do stand behind their policies. Some of your friends have dealt with them for years and have always been satisfied. You, it appears, have found a real bargain.

“But in this imaginary account there is one thing that you did not discover, one hitch. This agent was never hired by that company. They have not authorized him to represent them. The company is not even aware that he is using their name. He obtained copies of the policy and adjusted it to give it a little wider appeal. He had some forms and letterheads printed and set himself up in business. When he writes a policy and collects the premiums, they do not go to the head office. The policy goes into a drawer somewhere, and the premium money into his pocket. Chances are, he figures, there will be no claim against the policy anyway, at least not while he is around. And since it is life insurance, certainly there will be no claim while the policyholder is around.

“You have, as the expression goes, been sold a bill of goods. For all you know, you are well insured. You feel content and suppose that when the day comes, as it surely will, your claim will be paid.

“Too bad for you! No doubt the company will reject your claim. They cannot be compelled to honor policies except those written by authorized agents whom they have hired and certified, no matter how convinced you were that this man was a bona fide agent.

“Will you get sympathy? Oh yes. Full value of the policy? Not a chance! Would you not receive anything? Well, for as long as you didn’t know the difference you felt secure, for whatever that is worth.

“If you had been sold the insurance policy we talked about, you might be quite complacent, thinking you were well insured. But oh my, how that gets reversed. Somewhere in later conversations would come the sermon, “You ought to have been more careful about where you put your trust. You should have checked more carefully.”

After reading the parable, we would often turn to Hebrews 5:4, “And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron.”

Sharp – Bailey Wedding

Mary Ann and William Sharp

James and Sarah Goodlad Bailey are pleased to announce the marriage of their daughter Mary Ann Bailey to William Sharp, son of Thomas and Elizabeth Cartwright Sharp. William and Mary Ann were married at Loup Fork, Howard, Nebraska on 10 July 1853. (Loup Fork appears to have been a crossing of the Loup River, somewhere between Fullerton and Palmer Nebraska, in order to go turn south to rejoin trail along the Platte River.)

William is mason and farmer. They will make their home wherever they are called to settle once they arrive in the Utah Territory.

Due to the circumstances of this family, it is pretty unlikely an announcement would have ever been written. Everything about these families was in motion. Family members on both sides were strewn all over two continents and their lives were still recovering from a number of personal blows. While this was probably a high point, they knew there was a long road still ahead of them. All four of their parents had passed before their marriage.

William was born the third of eight children born to Thomas and Elizabeth Cartwright Sharp 10 December 1826 in Misson, Nottinghamshire, England. His baptism is recorded on 7 January 1827 at Misson Anglican church, confirmed by the Bishop’s Transcripts at Nottinghamshire Archives. He spent his life as a mason but kept a farm. We do not know where or how he learned how to be a mason. His father, Thomas, is listed as “Ag Lab”, which is probably an agricultural laborer on the 1841 English Census. Thomas died in 1841 after the census was taken.

In 1848, the LDS missionaries came to visit in Misson. William was the first in his family, that we know, to join the church on 20 June 1848. His mother followed 11 August 1849 and his sister Isabella 16 September 1849. The records available do not show that William’s siblings, Elizabeth and James joined the church, but they came with the family to the United States on their way to Zion. The family story tells the family was friendly and open towards the missionaries. One of the missionaries was a George Emery (the only potential George Emery I could find appears to have lived 1792 – 1867).

Elizabeth Sharp was determined to emigrate with her family to Utah. Her family attempted to discourage her by warning her about the dangers of the American Indians. Nevertheless, she departed with William, Isabella, Elizabeth, and James. The other four children had died as infants before leaving England. The family purchased tickets at 25 pounds sterling in Liverpool. The family set sail on the “James Pennell” on 2 October 1850 commanded by Captain James Fullerton. The LDS leaders on board were Christopher Layton (1821–1898) and William Lathrop Cutler (1821–1851) leading the company all the way to Zion. Right before hitting the waters of the Mississippi the ship encountered a storm where the masts were broken and the ship drifted for a couple of days. Luckily, a pilot boat found them and another ship (that left two weeks later from Liverpool) tugged them to New Orleans, Louisiana. The ship arrived at dock on 22 November 1850. The family struggled with sea sickness and chills and fevers that beset them in New Orleans and St. Louis. From there the entire group boarded the “Pontiac” and continued to St. Louis, Missouri where they found work and spent the winter. Despite having crossed the Atlantic, Elizabeth, the mother of the family, died 17 February 1851 in St. Louis and was buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery.

Among the fellow passengers on the James Pennell were the Singleton family of Misson. The Singletons were neighbors in Nottinghamshire. William Singleton (1793–1850) sailed with his children, including Thomas Singleton (1825–1885) and Charles Singleton (1838–1907). Tragically, William Singleton died in St. Louis on 16 December 1850, just three weeks after the ship docked. His son Thomas pressed on, becoming one of Plain City’s 1859 founding pioneers, where he worked as a carpenter and band leader alongside William Sharp. Thomas Singleton is listed among those excommunicated alongside William Sharp on 31 January 1879. Generations later, Thomas’s grandson Bert Elmer Singleton (1918–1995), born and raised in Plain City, became one of Utah’s most celebrated baseball players, pitching in the major leagues over 28 seasons. The Sharps and Singletons, neighbors in Misson, remained neighbors in Plain City across the generations.

Elizabeth’s death left the four siblings to fend for themselves. William and Isabella both still desired to move on with the Saints to Utah. William became fast friends with Mary Ann Bailey Padley, a widow who had lost her husband before leaving England. They were such good friends that Anne Elizabeth Padley (she went by Sharp her whole life though) was born 31 October 1852. Isabella married Joseph Carlisle, who had arrived two years earlier, 18 May 1853, in St. Louis. That same day the Moses Clawson Company, “St. Louis Company,” departed from St. Louis. Joseph and Isabella Carlisle, along with William Sharp and Mary Padley (with her son Lorenzo Padley and new infant Anne), left with the company. Joseph and William were well respected because they were apparently very good athletes and challenged anyone to a wrestling match.

The Sharps and Carlisles drove a wagon for William Jennings, a Salt Lake City merchant and freighter. The outfitting was done in Keokuk, Iowa. The company for traveling over the plains was formally organized in Kanesville, Iowa. On the trail, William and Mary Ann Padley were married 10 July 1853 in Loup Fork, Nebraska. The company arrived in Salt Lake City between the 15th and 20th of September the same year.

Mary Ann was born the first of seven children born to James and Sarah Goodlad Bailey on 28 November 1828 in Mattersey, Nottinghamshire, England. Her baptism is recorded on 8 December 1828 at Mattersey Anglican church, confirmed by the Bishop’s Transcripts at Nottinghamshire Archives. James was a blacksmith. The Bailey family were practicing members of the Church of England. Mary Ann attended school and obtained training in millinery and sewing. Sarah died in 1843 and James remarried to a lady named Harriet. We don’t have a death date for James at this time.

Shortly before her 18th birthday, Mary Ann met missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and converted. She was baptized 20 October 1846. Her father and Harriet dismissed her from the home for becoming a Mormon. She soon met William Padley, another LDS member and a tailor who lived on Allen Street in Sheffield, and married him on 4 February 1847 at the Church of St Peter and St Paul (now a cathedral) in Sheffield.

Padley – Bailey marriage record

William Padley was born 22 September 1826 in Morton, Lincolnshire, just across the River Trent from Mattersey, and they may well have known each other from their home area before both moved to Sheffield. They had a son, Lorenzo Joseph Padley, born in December 1847. William became ill when Lorenzo was born and died 22 February 1850 in Morton, Lincolnshire. Left alone with a new son, Mary Ann went back to her parents, who would have nothing to do with her unless she gave up her religion. She would not, and instead decided to join the Saints in Utah.

Mary Ann and Lorenzo sailed from Liverpool on 8 January 1851 on the “Ellen” with James Willard Cummings (1819–1883) as the leader of the company. The ship had a difficult passage with measles and what others thought was whooping cough. She arrived in New Orleans 14 March 1851. On the 19th they left for St. Louis on the “Alleck Scott” and arrived on the 26th. Mary Ann and Lorenzo stayed in St. Louis while the company moved on, and it was there that she met William Sharp and his family.

William and Mary Ann grew close during their time in St. Louis. A daughter, Anne Elizabeth, was born to them on 31 October 1852. Both were still determined to join the Saints in Utah. They arranged to drive a freight wagon west for William Jennings, a Salt Lake City merchant and freighter, as the means of joining the Moses Clawson Company. On the trail, William and Mary Ann were married on 10 July 1853 at the crossing of Loup Fork in present-day Howard County, Nebraska. The company arrived in Salt Lake City between the 15th and 20th of September that year.

They settled in Lehi, Utah, Utah for a couple of years but had a number of issues with range for the cattle and some other minor squabbles. Water was also not found to be very dependable in the Lehi area. During this time, William and Mary Ann gave birth to two children, William and Isabella in 1854 and 1856, but both died as infants. Milo Riley was born in Lehi 23 July 1857. I have written of Milo and his family previously at this link: Sharp-Stoker Wedding.

William learned of land north near Ogden, Weber, Utah that was going to be opened up from some of the Saints passing through Lehi (abandoning Salt Lake City before the arrival of Johnson’s Army). These Lehi Saints were told of ample land and good water that was available west of Ogden. A scouting expedition went to search out the area in the fall of 1858 and visited with Lorin Farr (1820–1909) who told them of the available plain to the west.

The Sharp family left with other Lehi Saints on 10 March 1859 to travel to this new area. The group of about 100 arrived 17 March 1859 at what is present day Plain City, Weber, Utah. The company arrived at about 5 PM during the middle of a snowstorm. The company lined up the wagons to protect them from the wind and dug a hole in the ground for the campfire. Reports indicate that snow was deep and conditions uncomfortable. Plain City apparently lived up to its name with sagebrush that rose over 4 feet tall from the high water table beneath the soil.

William Sharp put his carpentry and masonry skills to work making adobe brick and helping build the first homes in Plain City. William and Mary Ann lived in one of these homes. William served in the Plain City band, on the Plain City Z.C.M.I. board, acting as a builder, and also serving as a city leader. William and Mary Ann’s daughter, Evelyn, was the first girl born in Plain City in October 1859. Victorine Mary was born 8 April 1862 and was their last child. Mary Ann kept busy sewing and making suits, coats, and other jobs. Each of her daughters learned to become dressmakers.

William and Mary Ann each received their initiatory and endowment on 17 August 1861 at the Endowment House. On the same day, Mary Ann was sealed by proxy to her deceased first husband William Padley. As a woman already sealed to another man, she could not be sealed to William Sharp during their marriage, as the church did not permit women to be sealed to more than one husband at that time. The Sharp children’s sealing situation caused considerable family angst as all children born to Mary Ann after the 1861 sealing were born in the covenant to William Padley rather than William Sharp.

Lorenzo Joseph Padley died 24 July 1866 at Plain City, aged 18 years, 7 months and 11 days, putting his birth approximately 13 December 1847 in Mattersey, Nottinghamshire, England. He had grown up to become a valued member of the Plain City Music and Dramatic Association, which mourned him as a true friend and gifted musician. His remains were followed to their last resting place by a very large number of citizens, preceded by the brass band of the Association. The notice requested the Millennial Star in England to copy — a reminder that Mary Ann’s roots, and Lorenzo’s birthplace, lay in Nottinghamshire. The photo we have of him is pretty scratched, but here is a cleaned up photo, but it is not perfect. It is hard to tell what is his nose and what was deformities in the photo.

Anne Elizabeth married Daniel Claiborne Thomas Jr. on 29 January 1872 in Salt Lake City at the Endowment House, where they also received their initiatory, endowment, and sealing the same day. Daniel had been born 14 July 1850 on the Platte River in Nebraska on the trail to Utah. His father, Daniel Claiborne Thomas Sr., had been converted to the church by his brother Preston while on a mission to the Southern States, and the family had come to Utah in 1850, settling in Sulphur Springs (later named Lehi) among the earliest settlers there, before joining the Plain City founding group in March 1859. They settled in Plain City and had six children: Claiborne William (1872), Francis Milo (1875), LeRoy Bertrand (1878), Estella Inez (1884), Delbert (1888), and Elizabeth La Vieve (1889). Anne Elizabeth died 29 July 1891 in Plain City at thirty-eight, leaving six children ranging in age from two to nineteen. Daniel outlived her by thirty-eight years, dying in Ogden on 2 September 1929, and was buried beside her in Plain City Cemetery.

After several instances of desertion, Mary Ann moved out of their home on Christmas Eve 1875 and utterly refused to go back to William. William sued for divorce and Franklin Dewey Richards (1821–1899) granted the divorce (in probate court) on 19 May 1876.

At this time, it is possible that Bishop Lewis Warren Shurtleff (1835–1922), branch president 1870–1877, bishop 1877–1883, extended himself beyond what the members felt was right — going so far as to dictate how much everyone should pay in tithing — and some families were very vocal in expressing their discontent. William Sharp began construction on St. Paul’s Episcopal Church in 1877, and many disaffected members found a religious haven in this new faith. The building still stands today, owned by the Lions Club in Plain City. A significant group of members were excommunicated on 31 January 1879, including William Sharp, Mary Ann Sharp (listed separately because of the divorce), William Skeen, Edwin Dix, George Musgrave (father of their future daughter-in-law), Thomas Musgrave, Thomas Singleton, Thomas Davis, George W Harris, Jonathan Moyes, John Moyes, Winfield Spiers, James Wadman, Robert Davis, John Davis, and Thomas Robson. These lists also have “and wife” as well as “and family” which seems to indicate that spouses and families were included. Many of these families returned to the church after time away, some individuals never did. Milo Ross’s 1997 oral history interview offers one family perspective on the causes of the split.

This same year, William remarried to the widow of Charles McGary, Charlotte Elizabeth Earl, about 1879. We do not know exactly when or where.

Milo Riley married Mary Ann Stoker (aka Lillian or Lilly Musgrave) 11 May 1879 in Plain City in the little church William built. He died in 1916 in Plain City. Read about them here.

Evelyn Carlisle married James Henry Taylor 16 January 1881 in Plain City. She died in 1941 in Oregon.

Victorine Mary married Robert Edward Maw on 8 April 1883 in Plain City, her twenty-first birthday. Robert had been born in Plain City on 15 October 1859, the son of Robert Maw, one of Plain City’s founding pioneers who had consecrated his Lehi property in January 1857 and arrived in Plain City on 17 March 1859, the same day as the Sharp family. William Sharp had built the elder Robert Maw’s adobe house in those early Plain City years and had played cornet alongside Abraham Maw in Plain City’s first band. The marriage of Victorine Sharp and Robert Edward Maw united two of Plain City’s founding families. They had seven children: Ruby Ada (1884), Alice (1885), Jessie (1886), Florence Eveline (1888), Grace (1890), Edith Louise (1893), and Edward Clyde (1896). On the morning of 23 April 1897, a snow slide struck the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company’s Garfield Mine in Gibbs Canyon, four miles north of Brigham City. Robert was killed. The Brigham City Bugler reported the disaster that week, noting that he was a married man who left a widow and seven children. Victorine was thirty-four years old. Her youngest child, Edward Clyde, was barely a year old. She did not remarry, living in Plain City and later Ogden until her death on 18 March 1945. She is buried in Plain City Cemetery.

Mary Ann Bailey Sharp

Mary Ann continued to work as a dressmaker until she could not do so any more due to age. She lived with her Granddaughter Elizabeth Taylor from before 1900 and even moved with her to Baker City, Baker, Oregon. Mary Ann moved back to Plain City not long after Beth married.

Evelyn & Victorine Sharp

~

Evelyn and Victorine Sharp

William died at 950 Washington Ave in Ogden on 22 December 1900 at 74 years and was buried two days later in the Ogden cemetery. Mary Ann died 30 October 1913 in Plain City at 84 years and was buried there three days later.

Mary Ann Bailey Sharp death certificate

William and Mary Ann both died outside the church.

In December 1933, fifty-four years after the excommunication, three of Isabella Sharp Carlisle’s sons — Joseph Carlisle, James Carlisle, and Harvey Carlisle — wrote to LDS Church President Heber J. Grant requesting proxy reinstatement for their Uncle William and his former wife Mary Ann. Their letter described William as “honest, virtuous and kind” and was addressed care of Mrs. James S. Thompson — Annie Thompson, who would later write the 1957 history of Elizabeth Cartwright Sharp, and who was the daughter of James Carlisle. The letter explicitly identified William as “born 10 Dec. 1826, Misson, Notts., England, and later settled in Plain City, Utah.”

President Grant responded on 16 December 1933, consenting to proxy baptism for both William and Mary Ann. He noted that since they had previously received their endowments on 17 August 1861, those ordinances would need to be restored by proxy as well, and authorized Elder George F. Richards, President of the Salt Lake Temple, to officiate. On 3 February 1934, proxy baptism and confirmation were performed for both William and Mary Ann at the Salt Lake Temple, with William’s sealing to parents following on 2 July 1934. The restoration of William Sharp and his wife to the church, by the hands of his sister Isabella’s sons, closed that chapter.

John and Elizabeth Quayle

John & Elizabeth Quayle

Above is a photograph of John Quayle and Elizabeth Sharp, presumably with one of their children.

Elizabeth Sharp was born on Christmas Day in 1834, in Misson, Nottinghamshire, England to Thomas Sharp and Elizabeth Cartwright Sharp. She is the sister of William Sharp (my ancestor), James Sharp, and Isabella Carlisle.

Elizabeth married John Quayle, a shoemaker born circa 1825–1828 on the Isle of Man, as consistently recorded in the 1860, 1870, and 1880 censuses. His specific parish of origin has not been confirmed. Elizabeth and her family arrived in St. Louis in late November 1850 aboard the ship James Pennell, which sailed from Liverpool on 2 October 1850 and arrived at New Orleans on 23 November 1850. The passengers continued up the Mississippi River to St. Louis, where they found employment and shelter. Elizabeth and John were married by 1852. Their eldest child Emily Emma was born in January 1853 in St. Louis. The 1860 Census has the family living in Meramec, St. Louis, Missouri. 1870 places them in Central, St. Louis, Missouri. 1880 places the family in St. Louis, where both of them died. By the 1880 Census, John had become a foreman in a pork house, probably the pork house of his brother-in-law James. The family seemed to have some difficulty accurately informing the census takers, their ages jump pretty wildly from the right year to up to nine years in difference.

Emily Emma Quayle was born January 1853 in St. Louis. She married Gustavus Crause on 16 March 1887 in St. Louis. He was born 1853 and died 1917. They had no children. Emily Emma died 1 February 1928 in St. Louis and was buried 3 February 1928 in New St. Marcus Cemetery, Affton.

John W Quayle was born 5 November 1855 in Illinois and died 12 May 1910 in St. Louis. He was buried on 15 May 1910 in New St. Marcus Cemetery, Affton. He married Laura Breitenstein on 19 June 1883 in St. Louis.

James H Quayle was born 15 February 1858 in St. Louis and died 6 September 1864 in St. Louis. He is buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery.

Isabella Quayle was born October 1861 in St. Louis and died 12 September 1864 in St. Louis, just six days after her brother James. She is also buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery.

Margaret Quayle was born July 1864 in St. Louis and died 25 April 1866 in St. Louis. She is buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery. Margaret was born the same summer James and Isabella died, and died before her second birthday. Elizabeth lost three children in less than two years.

Ida Quayle was born 29 June 1868 in St. Louis and died 13 November 1888 in St. Louis at age 20. She did not marry. She is buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery, Public Lot G, Grave 5.

Elizabeth Quayle, known as Lizzie, was born December 1870 in St. Louis and died 25 June 1903 in St. Louis at age 32. She married William Dugan in 1892 in St. Louis. They had two children: William Dugan (born 1894) and Isabella Dugan (born 1897, died 1900). Elizabeth is buried in Calvary Cemetery, St. Louis.

John Quayle died in St. Louis. The date has not been confirmed but he predeceased Elizabeth.

Elizabeth Sharp Quayle died on Thursday, 6 November 1908, at the family residence at 4825 Gravois Avenue, St. Louis. The death notice described her as the beloved mother of John Quayle, Mrs. Elizabeth Dugan, and Mrs. Krause, and the sister of James Sharp. Funeral services were held Friday, 7 November 1908, at 1:30 p.m. from the family residence. Elizabeth and James Sharp, according to records, did not join the LDS Church. They died within eight months of each other: James killed by a streetcar on 24 February 1908, Elizabeth passing on 6 November 1908. Elizabeth Sharp Quayle is buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery, Section Fischer, Block 292, Lot 3742.

Death notice of Elizabeth Sharp Quayle, St. Louis, November 1908.

James Sharp

James Sharp

James Sharp was born 7 January 1840 in Misson, Nottinghamshire, England to Thomas Sharp and Elizabeth Cartwright Sharp. His birth is confirmed by a certified copy of his birth certificate from the General Register Office (BXCC548222). It records his birth on 7 January 1840 in Misson, Sub-district of Bawtry, Doncaster. His father is listed as Thomas Sharp, Labourer, and his mother as Elizabeth Sharp, formerly Cartwright — who was herself the informant, registering the birth on 22 January 1840. I wrote about James’ parents, the family’s conversion to the LDS faith, and the trip to America in his brother William’s biography, Sharp-Bailey Wedding.

Birth certificate of James Sharp, GRO certified copy, BXCC548222, Misson, 7 January 1840.

The Sharp family emigrated to America aboard the ship James Pennell, which sailed from Liverpool on 2 October 1850 under the direction of Christopher Layton and William L. Cutler, carrying 291 Latter-day Saint passengers. After a difficult voyage that included a severe storm near the mouth of the Mississippi that disabled the ship and nearly exhausted the provisions on board, the James Pennell arrived at New Orleans on 23 November 1850. The passengers continued up the Mississippi River to St. Louis, where they found employment and shelter. The passenger manifest lists James Sharp, age 10, traveling with his mother Elizabeth Cartwright Sharp (age 45), brother William (age 24), and sisters Isabella (age 19) and Elizabeth (age 26). Their mother died in St. Louis on 17 February 1851, just months after their arrival. The account of the voyage is preserved at Saints by Sea.

Siblings William and Isabella eventually continued west with the Moses Clawson Company in May 1853, while James stayed behind with his sister Elizabeth in St. Louis. (Read more about Elizabeth here.) James and Elizabeth did not join the LDS faith with their mother (Elizabeth), William, and Isabella.

James married Eudora Elvira Mann 3 March 1863 in Nashville, Davidson, Tennessee. Eudora “Dora” was born 1 May 1845 in Nashville. We do not know much of the life story, so how he met Dora and married her in Nashville we may never know. The two made their home in St. Louis though. James worked as a pork packer and initially started out in business with Patrick Muldoon around 1870. Here is the run down of the St. Louis directories.

1869 [FHL #980635] James Sharp with Muldoon and Sharp at 1612 Biddle.
1870 [Gould’s p. 797] shows the same.
1871 [Gould’s p. 601] the same, but also lists Sharp, James pork packer r[esident?] at 1119 N 17th. {FHL #980,636]
1872 shows Muldoon and Sharp at 1015 N 17th [N 17th goes from 1701 Market North to Angelica.]
1875 [p. 1171] Muldoon and Sharp, Pork Packers and Provision Dealers, 904 B’way.
1885 Sharp, James, Muldoon and Sharp 904 to 912 S 2d, r 2715 Mills. [There are now 7 pork packers listed, only 1 in 1875.]
1887, James C. Sharp is listed as a clerk at Muldoon and Sharp.
1888 is Sharp, James and Co., same address, te no. 2208.
1890 James Sharp and Co. now includes Sharp, James C. as cashier and Sharp, George as Clerk. All 3 at 3641 Finney Ave.
1895 Shows both James Sharp and James C. Sharp as packers, George W. Sharp as Manager and William M. Sharp as Clerk at James Sharp and Co., 904 S 2d. James C. now resides at 4354 Morgan, the other 3 still at 3641 Finney.
1896 and 1897 now show William M. as manager and George W. as supt.; James and James C. simply identified as with Co. 1898 directory is missing.
1899 Company not listed. James C. (same address) is broker; George W. is just listed, at 1811 Laflin; William M. and James are just listed, still living at 3641 Finney.
1900 James C. at Sharp and Westcott; George W., clerk at Manewal Lange Bakery, 3204 Morgan; William M. litho., at home.
1901 James Sharp now resident at 4573 Page boul; James C. com. mer. 736 Bayard av; George W. still clerk at Manewal-Lange Bakery, resident at 3009 Easton. [William M. not listed]
1902 James C. mngr. Sharp Mnfg Co., 411 Fullerton bldg., r. 736 Bayard av; George W. and William M. are both clerks, residing at 3156 Easton av.
1903 James still at 4573 Page boulevard; James C., ins., 721 Olive, r. 3732 Washington Boul.

Death notice of James Sharp, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 24 February 1908.

As you can probably tell from the information above, James put his children to work and included them in the business. James retired at 55 and turned the business over to his boys. By 1898 they had run the business in the ground, supposedly because of their like for being horsey (horse-racing).

James and Dora had 5 children.

Eudora Mann Sharp born 13 January 1864 and died 11 January 1938, both in St. Louis. She married Alexander A Bryden, who worked in the coal business.

Ida Lee Sharp born 8 October 1866 and died 23 December 1946, both in St. Louis. She was unmarried. She worked as a school teacher.

James Carlisle Sharp born 26 December 1868 in St. Louis and died 4 November 1952 in Valley Park, St. Louis, Missouri. He married Emma Manewal (and divorced) and Madeline C Grimm. He had a department store. Emma was the daughter of August Manewal, one of the confederation of bakers who formed the National Biscuit Company (NABISCO).

George W Sharp born 10 March 1871 in St. Louis and died in 1964 in Sand Springs, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Apparently he married a lady named Effie Olive, but we know nothing more about his life or her. He was badly disfigured after being kicked in the head by a horse at 3 years old.

William Muldoon Sharp born 4 October 1874 and died 24 March 1915, both in St. Louis. He also remained unmarried.

Eudora died 3 March 1894 of cerebral meningitis. She was listed as living at 3641 Finney Avenue. She was buried in the Bellefontaine Cemetery 5 March 1894.

James died suddenly on Monday morning, 24 February 1908, at the residence of his son-in-law Alexander A. Bryden at 4573 Page Boulevard, St. Louis, at the age of 68. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that he was a retired pork packer who was killed by a street car on Saturday night, 22 February 1908, at Page Boulevard and West End Avenue. He died two days later from his injuries. The funeral was held Wednesday afternoon from his late residence at 4582 Page Boulevard, conducted by Rev. Dr. William Elmer of St. Philip’s Episcopal Church — a further confirmation, alongside Annie Thompson’s account, that James never joined the LDS Church. He was interred at Bellefontaine Cemetery on 26 February 1908. The death notice in the same paper, published 24 February, gave his age as 68 years, consistent with his 1840 birth year confirmed by the birth certificate.

James was a founder of St. George’s Society and served as treasurer for several years. He was also a member of the Merchants’ Exchange and a veteran member of the St. Louis Lodge No. 5, I.O.O.F.

Funeral notice of James Sharp, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 1908.

For more on the Sharp family, see:

Elizabeth Cartwright Sharp — James’s mother, written by Annie Thompson
Sharp-Bailey Wedding — James’s brother William and Mary Ann Bailey
John and Elizabeth Quayle — James’s sister Elizabeth who also remained in St. Louis
Sons of Joseph and Isabella Carlisle — James’s sister Isabella who went on to Utah

Casper Wyoming Temple Open House

We took the opportunity to attend the Casper Wyoming Temple Open House on 31 August 2024. We planned the weekend to do some sightseeing and visit some church and family history sites. I am reposting as this has updates on 3 additional ancestors that also came through the Overland Trail.

We left on the Friday morning with the hope of making it all the way to Casper before nightfall. We took old US Highway 30 through Soda Springs and Montpelier. We made a stop to visit the grave of my Grandmother in Dingle.

Aliza, Lillian, Paul, James, and Hiram Ross at the graves of Bud and Colleen Lloyd

We drove through Cokeville and reminded the kids of the story of the Cokeville miracle. As we drove along the old highway, I pointed out the old railroad Y that used to go to the Stauffer mine that was located in Leefe, Wyoming. I spent the first summer or two of my life at Leefe while my dad was tasked with tearing down and removing the mine with Circle A Construction. We stopped in Kemmerer to refuel and also drive past the first J. C. Penney store. We made a quick stop at the Parting of the Ways along the California, Mormon, and Oregon trails.

James Ross at Independence Rock

With four kids, we often stop at rest areas. As you can see above, we stopped at the one at Independence Rock. The rock is nearby and doubles as the parking location to visit the rock.

We finally made it to Casper about sunset. We ate an amazing Italian meal at Racca’s Pizzeria Napoletana and checked into our hotel.

Casper Wyoming Temple

We got up early, dressed appropriately, and headed out to visit the Casper Wyoming Temple. It was beautiful. Much smaller than I had anticipated. It is definitely one of the smallest temples, but that is because of the population and distance to other temples. It will supposedly have five stakes in its temple district, some of which will still come from a long distance to attend. Don’t let size fool you, it still has all the distinct parts of a temple and related quality. I think I may very much prefer the intimacy of the smaller temples. It actually reminded me of the Helena Montana Temple on size and flow.

Ross family at the Casper Wyoming Temple Open House

The temple does not have an adjoining chapel, but it does have a distribution/visitor center. We watched the video, enjoyed waiting in the line, and got to see the whole temple. If I were asked, there are a couple of design changes I would make for flow, but this temple will not regularly see these types of crowds or have those issues.

Ross family with the Casper Wyoming Temple

We hurried back to our hotel, changed, loaded up the car, checked out, and headed off to our next stop: The National Historic Trails Interpretive Center in Casper. I did not take any pictures there, but it was very well done. I enjoyed the visit, helped the kids with their junior ranger activities, and learned a few things. Part of the museum had its own little room and video dedicated to the Martin and Willie Handcart Companies.

We stopped at Independence Rock again on our way headed west. We walked around the massive rock and looked at a number of the signatures carved into stone from over 160 years ago. It was hot and we needed to get our little doggies along to Devil’s Gate.

I will write about this more in a bit, but Devil’s Gate was a major landmark on the trail going west for all pioneers on the trails. But Devil’s Gate became more than a landmark and became a historical site in the tragic fall of 1856. Fort Seminoe was based there on the west side of Devil’s Gate, but it had been abandoned earlier that same year. It was that fall that the Martin Handcart Company found itself stranded in the snow. Days later the stranded handcart company moved into a nearby cove to get away from the wind, snow, and cold. That cove is now known as Martin’s Cove.

The Sun Ranch from Devil’s Gate, now The Martin’s Cove: Mormon Trail Site

We found the visitor’s center much more hospitable than some of our ancestors. As I worked through my family history, I had some of my own ancestors who passed through this very Devil’s Gate and area. Here are my ancestral lines that came across on the Mormon Trail. I had counted only 3 while in Casper, but hadn’t realized the Williams clan came over in two separate trips.

William and Mary Ann Sharp in 1853. Wagon train. Moses Clawson Company. William and Mary Ann met in the wagon train and married in Nebraska in 1853. William and Mary are my 3rd Great Grandparents.

John Williams in 1860. Wagon train. John Smith Company. John came over with his two sons John Haines (1829) and Richard (1838). I don’t know why his son David went separately in 1864. I am a descendant of John through David. John is my 4th Great Grandfather.

Johanna Benson in 1862. Wagon train. Joseph Horne Company. Johanna came over with some of her children and their families, her daughter Agneta, came over in 1864 with her family. Johanna is my 4th Great Grandmother.

William Edward Stoker in 1863. Wagon train. Unknown Company. William was traveling with his family, including the baby Mary Ann. William is my 3rd Great Grandfather, Mary Ann is my 2nd Great Grandmother.

John and Agneta Nelson in 1864. Wagon train. William Preston Company. Agneta is the daughter of Johanna Benson who came over in 1862. John and Agneta are my 3rd Great Grandparents.

David D and Gwenllian Williams in 1864. David is the son of John mentioned above. Wagon train. William S Warren Company. Gwenllian came with her sister Mary. Both married on the ship in Liverpool before setting sail for Utah. Gwenllian and Mary’s parents, David and Margaret Jordan, came over in 1872 crossing the plains by rail. David and Gwenllian are my 3rd Great Grandparents.

That gives me 10 ancestors that crossed the plains by wagon, none by handcart that I can tell. The unknown companies were all wagon trains as there were not handcarts those years.

Devil’s Gate – 2024

Every single one of these ten ancestors of mine who came west on the trail would have passed through Devil’s Gate. Here I stood on this sacred ground and snapped this photo of my daughter, my descendant and their descendant, at Devil’s Gate.

Aliza Ross at Devil’s Gate

It took me a bit more work, as I am not as familiar, to find those family lines of Amanda’s that also would have passed along the Mormon Trail to the west before the railroad made it much, much faster and safer. It took me several occasions over a couple of weeks to spend the time to research all these lines.

Henry and Ann Jackson in 1852. Wagon train. James C Snow Company. This is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandparents.

Regina Hansen in 1853. Wagon train. John E Forsgren Company. Her son, Hans Hansen, also accompanied her on the trip. Regina’s husband stayed behind. Regina is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandmother, Hans is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandfather.

Grave of Hans Hansen in Plain City, Utah. Edith Sharp Ross’ stone is the stone at 10 o’clock from the top of this stone, my Great Grandmother.

David Buttar in 1854. Wagon train. William Empey Company. He appears to have traveled alone. Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandfather.

Birthe Jacobson in 1854. Unknown if wagon train or handcart company. Birthe’s daughter, Maria Jacobson, also accompanied her on the trip. Her husband Jorgen died in Missouri as part of the trip. Birthe is Amanda’s 5th Great Grandmother, Maria is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandmother.

Harriet Housley in 1856. Handcart company. Edward Martin Company. Harriet’s son, George Housley, also accompanied her on the trip. Two other children came later. Harriet is Amanda’s 5th Great Grandmother, George is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandfather.

Richard and Christine Hemsley (1836 – 1915) in 1857. Handcart company. Israel Evans Company. This is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandparents.

Ole and Anne Jensen in 1861. Likely wagon train. Unknown company. Amanda’s 5th Great Grandparents.

John Crompton in 1862. Wagon train. Joseph Horne Company. John also had his daughter, Hannah Crompton, with him. John is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandfather, Hannah is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandmother.

Anna Nielsen in 1862. Wagon train. Christian Madsen Company. She traveled alone. Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandmother.

Joseph and Penelope Thompson in 1862. Wagon train. John Riggs Murdock Company. Their son, Joseph Thompson, also accompanied the family. Amanda’s 4th Great Grandparents, Joseph is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandfather.

Joseph Wayment in 1863. Wagon train. Unknown Company. Appears to have come alone. Although his parents and most of his siblings would come later by rail. Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandfather.

Axel Boyer in 1866. Wagon train. Abner Lowry Company. Amanda’s 4th Great Grandfather. Also traveled with the Keeps, other ancestors of Amanda.

James and Ann Keep in 1866. Wagon train. Abner Lowry Company. Their daughter, Sarah Keep, also accompanied the family. James and Ann are Amanda’s 4th Great Grandparents, Sarah is Amanda’s third great Grandmother. Also traveled with Axel Boyer, other ancestor of Amanda.

Richard Hemsley (1801 – 1866) and his later wife Sarah in 1866. Wagon train. William Henry Chipman Company. Amanda’s 5th Great Grandfather.

Peter Peterson in 1866. Wagon train. Joseph Sharp Rawlins Company. Peter is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandfather.

That is the Hemsley line alone, Amanda’s Dad. I count 26 ancestors of Amanda’s Dad that came through Devil’s Gate.

James, Lillian, Hiram, and Aliza Ross at Devil’s Gate Mormon Handcart Visitor Center

Amanda’s Mom’s line, the Holden family, has the following:

Edwin and Ruia Holden in 1852. Wagon train. Uriah Curtis Company. Their son, Henry Holden, also accompanied the family. Edwin and Ruia are Amanda’s 4th Great Grandparents, Henry is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandfather.

Jesse and Temperance McCauslin in 1851. Wagon train. Unknown Company. Temperance passed away in Council Bluffs, Iowa. She did not make the trail in Wyoming or Devil’s Gate. Their daughter, Louisa McCauslin, also accompanied the family. Jesse is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandfather, Louisa is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandmother.

John and Adelaide Roberts in 1863. Wagon train. Thomas Ricks Company. Their son, Hyrum Roberts, also accompanied the family. John and Adelaide are Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandparents, Hyrum is Amanda’s 2nd Great Grandfather.

Thomas and Mary Ashton in 1851. Wagon train. Morris Phelps Company. Mary also passed away in Iowa. She did not make the trail in Wyoming or Devil’s Gate. Their son, Joseph Ashton, also accompanied the family. Thomas is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandfather, Joseph is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandfather.

Sarah Jarvis in 1854. Wagon train. Job Smith Company. She came with some of her family, but not with her son, Amanda’s ancestor, George Jarvis. Sarah is Amanda’s 4th Great Grandmother.

George and Ann Jarvis in 1853. Wagon train. Unknown Company. George and Ann are Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandparents. George is the son of Sarah Jarvis mentioned above.

William and Rebecca Finch in 1854. Wagon train. Daniel Garn Company. William and Rebecca are Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandparents.

Joseph Finch in 1853. Wagon train. Joseph Young Company. Joseph is the son of William and Rebecca Finch mentioned above.

John and Hannah Davis in 1851. Wagon train. Eaton Kelsey Company. Their daughter, Mary Jane, also accompanied the family. The family also has Davies listed for their last name sometimes. John and Hannah are Amanda’s 4th great grandparents, Mary Jane is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandmother.

John Evans in 1866. Wagon train. William Henry Chipman Company (same company as Amanda’s Richard Hemsley above). His wife, Sarah, died on the trip from the United Kingdom in New York. His son, John Evans, also accompanied his father and brother. John is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandfather, John is Amanda’s 2nd Great Grandfather.

James and Elizabeth Boyack in 1855. Wagon train. Milo Andrus Company. James and Elizabeth are Amanda’s 4th Great Grandparents.

James Boyack in 1853. Wagon train. Appleton Harmon Company. James is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandfather. James is the son of James and Elizabeth Boyack above that came in 1855 across the plains.

Margary Waterhouse in 1855. Wagon train. Milo Andrus Company. Margary is Amanda’s 3rd Great Grandmother. She came across with the same train as James Boyack’s parents, presumably that is how she met her future husband. The Company arrived 24 October 1855 in Utah, James and Margary married 23 November 1855 in Springville, Utah.

That is the Holden line alone, Amanda’s Mom. I count 26 of ancestors of Amanda’s Mom that came through Devil’s Gate. As an aside, I also looked at her biological line (as she is adopted), and not a single one of her biological ancestors passed through Devil’s Gate.

James riding while Hiram, Lillian, and Aliza Ross pull a handcart at Devil’s Gate Mormon Handcart Visitors Center

We also stopped and visited with the sixth crossing of the Sweetwater River. This was the location where, like the Martin Handcart Company, the Willie Handcart Company also got stuck in wind, snow, and cold in 1856. Their rescue occurred here.

The next day, on our way to Grand Teton National Park, we made a stop at Fort Washakie, Wyoming. This is one of the alleged graves of Sacagawea. We stopped and remembered her, whether her final resting place or not.

All in all, I was surprised by my own connection to the Mormon Trail. I had never considered that I have 10 ancestors who had literally came this way. Or that my children have 59 ancestors that literally come this way. They passed by Independence Rock, through Devil’s gate, and two of those 59 suffered with the Martin Handcart Company. I will write more on the Housleys later as there have been other interesting interactions with that clan since our marriage.